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As confidentially submitted to the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 18, 2024

Registration No. 333-

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Not Applicable

(Translation of Registrant’s name into English)

Cayman Islands

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

5812

(Primary Standard Industrial
Classification Code Number)

Not Applicable

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

1 Paya Lebar Link, #09-04
PLQ 1 Paya Lebar Quarter
Singapore 408533
+65 6378 1921

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive offices)

Cogency Global Inc.
122 East 42nd Street, 18th Floor
New York, New York 10168
(212) 947-7200

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:

Mengyu Lu, Esq.
Samantha Peng, Esq.
Ming Kong, Esq.
Ashlee Wu, Esq.
Kirkland & Ellis International LLP
c/o 26th Floor, Gloucester Tower
The Landmark
15 Queen’s Road Central
Hong Kong
+852 3761 3300

Raymond Li, Esq.
Chris DeCresce, Esq.
Steven Hsu, Esq.
Paul Hastings, LLP
22/F Bank of China Tower,
1 Garden Road, Central
Hong Kong
+852 2867 1288

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: as soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. ☐

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933.

Emerging growth company ☒

If an emerging growth company that prepares its financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards† provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act. ☐

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

†

The term “new or revised financial accounting standard” refers to any update issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board to its Accounting Standards Codification after April 5, 2012.

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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion. Dated , 2024.

American Depositary Shares

[MISSING IMAGE: lg_superhiinternational-4clr.jpg]

SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD.

Representing ordinary shares

We are offering American depositary shares, or ADSs. Each ADS represents of our ordinary shares, par value US$0.000005 per share.

This is our initial public offering in the United States, and no public market currently exists for our ADSs. Our ordinary shares have been listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “HKEx”) since December 30, 2022 under the stock code “9658.” On , the closing sale price of our ordinary shares on the HKEx was HK$ per share, equivalent to a price of US$ per ADS, assuming an exchange rate of US$1.00 to HK$ .

The offering price of our ADSs will be determined by reference to the closing price of our ordinary shares on the HKEx on the prior trading day to the pricing date, after taking into account prevailing market conditions and through negotiations between us and the underwriters. For a discussion of factors considered in determining the price to the public of the ADSs, see “Underwriting” in this prospectus.

After pricing of the offering, we expect that the shares will trade on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “HDL.” We believe that upon the completion of this offering, we will meet the standards for listing on the Nasdaq Stock Market, and the closing of this offering is contingent upon such listing.

We are an “emerging growth company” under applicable U.S. federal securities laws and are eligible for reduced public company reporting requirements.

As of the date of this prospectus, entities controlled by Mr. Yong Zhang collectively owns 47.64% of our outstanding shares. As the largest shareholder of our company, Mr. Yong Zhang, who is the spouse of Ms. Ping Shu, our director and chairman of the board of directors, has substantial influence over our business.

Investing in our ADSs involves risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 11 of this prospectus.

PRICE US$ PER ADS

Neither the United States Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

Per ADS

Total

Initial public offering price

US$

Underwriting discount and commissions(1)

US$

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

US$

(1)

See “Underwriting” for additional information regarding compensation payable by us to the underwriters.

The underwriters have a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional ADSs from us at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs to purchasers on or about , 2024.

Morgan Stanley Huatai Securities

Prospectus dated , 2024.

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	Page
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY		1
THE OFFERING		7
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA		9
RISK FACTORS		11
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS		42
USE OF PROCEEDS		44
DIVIDEND POLICY		45
CAPITALIZATION		46
DILUTION		47
ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES		49
CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE		53
PRICE RANGE OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES		54
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA		55
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS		57
INDUSTRY		78
BUSINESS		81
REGULATION		100
MANAGEMENT		123
PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS		131
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS		134
DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL		135
DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES		148
CONVERSION BETWEEN ORDINARY SHARES AND ADSs		160
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE		163
TAXATION		165
UNDERWRITING		173
EXPENSES RELATED TO THIS OFFERING		184
LEGAL MATTERS		185
EXPERTS		186
WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION		187
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS		F-1

We have not authorized anyone to provide any information other than that contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by or on behalf of us or to which we may have referred you. We take no responsibility for, and can provide no assurance as to the reliability of, any other information that others may give you. We and the underwriters have not authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy the ADSs, only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of the ADSs.

We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the ADSs outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United

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States who come into possession of this prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the ADSs and the distribution of the prospectus outside the United States.

Until , 2024 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade ADSs, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

The following summary is qualified in its entirety by, and should be read in conjunction with, the more detailed information and financial statements appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. In addition to this summary, we urge you to read the entire prospectus carefully, especially the risks of investing in the ADSs discussed under “Risk Factors,” before deciding whether to invest in the ADSs. This prospectus contains information from an industry report dated December 15, 2023 commissioned by us and prepared by Frost & Sullivan, an independent research firm, regarding the industry we operate in and our market position. We refer to this report as the “Frost & Sullivan Report.”

Our Mission

Our mission is to build the leading global Chinese restaurant brand and to propagate Chinese culinary heritage.

Overview

We are a leading Chinese cuisine restaurant brand, operating Haidilao hot pot restaurant in the international market. With roots in Sichuan from 1994, Haidilao has become one of the most popular and largest Chinese cuisine brands in the world. Since opening our first restaurant in Singapore in 2012, we have expanded to 115 self-operated restaurants in 12 countries across four continents as of December 31, 2023. According to the Frost & Sullivan Report, we were the third largest Chinese cuisine restaurant brand and the largest Chinese cuisine restaurant brand originating from China in the international market in terms of 2022 revenue.

Food is an expression of cultural identity, values and a way of life. Chinese cuisine is one of the richest and most diverse culinary heritages in the world, among which hot pot is one of the most popular and fastest-growing segments. In 2022, the international market for Chinese hot pot had a market size of US$34.3 billion. With almost 30 years of brand history, we believe that, based on our industry experience, Haidilao is well-loved by guests for its unique dining experience — warm and attentive service, great ambiance and delicious food, standing out among global restaurant chains, which has made our Haidilao restaurants into a worldwide cultural phenomenon.

With a brand recognition that precedes our presence, which we believe is based on our years of industry experience, we uphold Haidilao’s core values, enabling us to steadily expand in the international market. Striking a balance between honoring the Haidilao legacy and continuous innovation for localization has been the foundation of our growth and expansion in the international market.

Brand legacy. Leveraging the Haidilao brand with approximately 30 years of cultivation and our extensive experience in standardized restaurant operations, we effectively address challenges faced in international expansion through implementing our proven management philosophy of “aligned interests and disciplined management.”

•

Aligned interests. We believe that our motivated employees lay the foundation for satisfied guests. Under our management philosophy, the interests of our employees are highly aligned to ours, thereby driving our bottom-up dynamic growth. We believe that this principle appeals to human nature across different cultures and regions and has been proven in Haidilao’s expansion in the international markets.

•

Disciplined management. Our disciplined management systematically ensures high-quality expansion through standardized operations by our headquarters controlling operational risks and providing key resources and support to our restaurants. We maintain strict control over key aspects of restaurant operations, including restaurant network expansion, employee training and promotion, food safety, service quality control and supply chain management.

Localization. Under the framework of standardized operations and guided by core Haidilao values, we seek to adapt restaurant operations to local customs, tastes and preferences in order to provide a unique dining experience to guests and incentivize employees in different countries. We continue to innovate in the following respects.

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•

Food and menu. We continuously develop and launch new menu items (including food ingredients, soup bases and dipping sauces) tailored to local tastes and preferences. Generally, a significant portion of our menu in each restaurant is localized.

•

Guest services. We give employees the autonomy to discover how to best serve our guests and encourage them to adjust how we effectuate warm and personalized services based on local customs and cultural norms.

•

Management structure. We have established a multi-layer structure involving our headquarters, senior regional managers and restaurant managers. Our headquarters hold control over critical restaurant management functions. Our senior regional managers who act as key roles for restaurant operations in a certain region determined by our headquarters, are responsible for overall management and strategies implementation within the region. Our restaurant managers are responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of our restaurants.

Benefiting from our proven management philosophy and successful localization efforts, we have built an international Haidilao restaurant network with highly standardized operations, effective management systems and motivated employees. We have achieved strong growth and margin expansion in the past three years.

•

Restaurant network expansion. Our restaurant number increased from 74 restaurants as of January 1, 2021 to 115 restaurants as of December 31, 2023. While we primarily focused on the expansion within existing countries and enhancing their operating performance over the past three years, we keep exploring new markets and have opened our first restaurant in the United Arab Emirates in the first half of 2023.

•

Same-store sales growth. Alongside our continual restaurant network expansion, we have also achieved meaningful same-store sales growth of 54.0% and 8.8% in 2022 and 2023, respectively.

•

Table turnover rate. Our overall table turnover rate improved from 2.1 times per day in 2021 to 3.3 times per day in 2022, and further improved to 3.5 times per day in 2023.

•

Average daily revenue per restaurant. Our average daily revenue per restaurant increased from US$10.0 thousand in 2021 to US$15.4 thousand in 2022, and further increased to US$16.3 thousand in 2023.

•

Income from operation margin. Our income from operation margin improved from 0.2% in 2022 to 6.3% in 2023.

•

Restaurant level operating margin. Our restaurant level operating profit margin significantly improved from 4.1% in 2022 to 9.0% in 2023.

Strengths

We believe that the following strengths have contributed to our historical growth and will drive our future development:

•

A leading Chinese cuisine restaurant brand in the international market;

•

Haidilao as a global cultural phenomenon and an ambassador of Chinese culinary heritage;

•

Strong local know-how and international operating capabilities;

•

Proven management philosophy that enables sustainable international expansion; and

•

Seasoned management team with a corporate culture that prescribes acting with kindness.

Growth Strategies

We intend to implement the following business strategies going forward:

•

Continue to grow our international Haidilao brand, enhance our dining experience and propagate Chinese culinary heritage internationally;

•

Enhance restaurant performance and explore new sources of revenue;

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•

Strategically optimize and expand our restaurant network; and

•

Identify opportunities for organic growth and seek potential acquisition opportunities.

Corporate History and Structure

We commenced our restaurant business operations outside Greater China in 2012 through Haidilao International Holding Ltd. (“HDL Group”), our then-parent company and a public company listed on the HKEx (HKEx: 6862). Since opening our first restaurant in Singapore in 2012, we have expanded to 115 restaurants in 12 countries across four continents as of December 31, 2023, including Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United Arab Emirates. We currently do not have restaurant business operations in Greater China (which includes mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan), and, when as part of HDL Group, did not have restaurant business operations in Greater China.

In 2022, we consummated a series of business and corporate reorganization transactions (the “Group Reorganization”) in connection with the listing of our ordinary shares on the HKEx in December 2022 (the “Hong Kong Listing”). As part of the Group Reorganization, we established SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD., our holding company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, in May 2022. Upon completion of the Group Reorganization and immediately prior to the consummation of the Hong Kong Listing in December 2022, all of HDL Group’s restaurant business operations outside Greater China were held by SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD.

Our ordinary shares have been listed on the HKEx since December 30, 2022 under the stock code “9658.” The Hong Kong Listing of our ordinary shares was achieved through HDL Group’s distribution (the “Distribution”) of 100% of its equity interest in SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD. to qualified holders of HDL Group’s ordinary shares as of the close of business on the record date of December 20, 2022 (the “Record Date”) in proportion to their respective shareholding in HDL Group. Each qualified holder of HDL Group’s ordinary shares of record received one ordinary share of our company for every ten shares of HDL Group’s ordinary shares that it held on the Record Date. Following the Distribution, we became an independent, publicly-traded company and HDL Group retains no ownership interest in our company. See note 2 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more details.

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

[MISSING IMAGE: fc_corporatehistory-bwlr.jpg]

The diagram above omits the names of subsidiaries that are insignificant individually and in the aggregate.

Summary of Risk Factors

Investing in our ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider all of the information in this prospectus before making an investment in our ADSs. Set forth below is a summary of the principal risks we face, organized under relevant headings. These risks are discussed more fully in the section titled “Risk Factors.”

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Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

•

We incurred net losses in 2021 and 2022. Our historical financial and operating results may not be indicative of our future performance.

•

Our multi-jurisdiction operations may lead to increasing risks and uncertainties and our management system may not be effective to address risks and uncertainties in our international restaurant operations.

•

If we fail to retain existing guests or attract new guests, our financial condition and business operations may be materially and adversely affected.

•

Our continued success depends on our ability to deliver and maintain our high-quality services and dining experience.

•

We face risks related to the instance of any food safety incidents and any food-borne illnesses.

•

We may fail to maintain or enhance brand recognition or reputation.

•

We will continue to expand our restaurant network, which may increase risks and uncertainties.

•

We face intense competition in the international market for catering services.

•

Uncertainties relating to the growth of the international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants, especially the hot pot market, could adversely affect our revenues and business prospects.

•

Rising interest rates could negatively impact our performance and restaurant expansion plans.

General Risks Related to Our ADSs and This Offering

•

An active trading market for the ADSs may not develop and the trading price for the ADSs may fluctuate significantly.

•

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.

Implication of Being an Emerging Growth Company

As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, as amended, or the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements compared to those that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes- Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting. The JOBS Act also provides that an emerging growth company does not need to comply with any new or revised financial accounting standards until such date that a private company is otherwise required to comply with such new or revised accounting standards.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenues of at least US$1.235 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, which would occur if the worldwide market value of our common equity that are held by non- affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. Once we cease to be an emerging growth company, we will not be entitled to the exemptions provided in the JOBS Act discussed above.

Implication of Being a Foreign Private Issuer

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers. Moreover, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the

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SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. In addition, as an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market Rules. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to the ADSs and this Offering — As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market’s corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Stock Market’s corporate governance requirements.”

Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at 1 Paya Lebar Link, #09-04, PLQ 1 Paya Lebar Quarter, Singapore 408533. Our telephone number at this address is +65 6378 1921. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at the offices of Conyers Trust Company (Cayman) Limited, Cricket Square, Hutchins Drive, PO Box 2681, Grand Cayman, KY1-1111, Cayman Islands. Investors should submit any inquiries to the address and telephone number of our principal executive offices. Our main website is http://www.superhiinternational.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus. Our agent for service of process in the United States is Cogency Global Inc.

Conventions That Apply to This Prospectus

Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this prospectus to:

•

“ADSs” are to American depositary shares, each of which represents of our ordinary shares;

•

“Greater China” are to mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;

•

“HK$” or “HK dollar” are to the legal currency of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;

•

“Hong Kong Listing Rules” are to the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited, as amended, supplemented, or otherwise modified from time to time;

•

“IFRS Accounting Standards” are to International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board;

•

“international market” are to the global market excluding Greater China, unless the context indicates otherwise;

•

“ordinary shares” are to our ordinary shares, par value US$0.000005 per share;

•

“self-operated restaurants” are to Haidilao restaurants that are directly owned and operated by our company. When we self-operate a restaurant, we retain full control of the restaurant’s operations and keep all the profit or loss generated by the restaurant. As of the date of this prospectus, all of the Haidilao restaurants within our network are self-operated restaurants;

•

“we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” are to SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD., our Cayman Islands holding company, and its subsidiaries; and

•

“US$,” “U.S. dollars,” “$,” and “dollars” are to the legal currency of the United States.

Our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar. In addition, this prospectus also contains translations of certain foreign currency amounts into U.S. dollars for the convenience of the reader. Unless otherwise stated, all translations of HK dollars into U.S. dollars were made at HK$7.8109 to US$1.00, the noon buying rate on December 29, 2023 as set forth in the H.10 statistical release of the U.S. Federal Reserve Board. The exchange rates used in the financial statements and related notes in this prospectus are as indicated therein. We make no representation that the HK dollar or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or could be converted into U.S. dollars or HK dollars, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all.

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Industry and Market Data

Although we are responsible for all disclosure contained in this prospectus, in some cases we have relied on certain market and industry data obtained from third-party sources that we believe to be reliable, including Frost & Sullivan, an independent market research firm. Market estimates are calculated by using independent industry publications, government publications and third-party forecasts in conjunction with our assumptions about our markets. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any market, industry or similar data presented herein, such data involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the headings “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” in this prospectus.

Trademarks and Service Marks

We own or have been licensed rights to trademarks, service marks and trade names for use in connection with the operations of our business, including, but not limited to, Haidilao (“

”). Solely for convenience, the trademarks, service marks and trade names referred to in this prospectus are listed without the ®, (TM) and (sm) symbols, but we will assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our applicable rights in these trademarks, service marks and trade names.

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THE OFFERING

ADSs offered by us

ADSs (or ADSs if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

Offering price

On , the closing sale price of our ordinary shares on the HKEx was HK$ per share, equivalent to a price of US$ per ADS, based on the exchange rate set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. For a discussion of factors considered in determining the price to the public of the ADSs, see “Underwriting” in this prospectus.

ADSs outstanding immediately after this offering

ADSs (or ADSs if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

Ordinary shares outstanding immediately after this
offering

ordinary shares (or ordinary shares if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full).

The ADSs

Each ADS represents of our ordinary shares, par value US$0.000005 per share.

The depositary will hold ordinary shares underlying your ADSs, and you will have the rights of an ADS holder as provided in the deposit agreement among us, the depositary and holders and beneficial owners of ADSs from time to time.

If we declare dividends on our ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our ordinary shares, after deducting the depositary’s fees, charges and expenses and any applicable taxes or governmental charges.

You may surrender your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any exchange.

We may amend or terminate the deposit agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs after an amendment to the deposit agreement, you agree to be bound by the deposit agreement as amended.

To better understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the “Description of American Depositary Shares” section of this prospectus. You should also read the deposit agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

Option to purchase additional ADSs

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of additional ADSs.

Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from this offering will be approximately US$ million, or approximately US$ million if the underwriters exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs in full, at an assumed initial public offering price of US$ per ADS, based on the closing price of our ordinary shares and exchange rate set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. We

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intend to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows: (i) approximately 70% for strengthening our brand and expanding our restaurant network globally; (ii) approximately 10% for investing in our supply chain management capabilities, such as building more central kitchens; (iii) approximately 10% for research and development to enhance digitalization and other technologies used in our restaurant management; and (iv) approximately 10% for working capital and other general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds” for more information.

[Lock-up

We, our executive officers, directors and certain shareholders have agreed, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus and subject to specified exceptions, not to directly or indirectly sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell (including any short sale), pledge, transfer, establish an open “put equivalent position” within the meaning of Rule 16a-l(h) under the Exchange Act; or otherwise dispose of any ADSs or ordinary shares, options or warrants to acquire ADSs or ordinary shares, or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into ADSs or ordinary shares currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially; or publicly announce an intention to do any of the foregoing for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters.]

Listing

We have applied for listing of the ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “HDL.”

Our ordinary shares are listed on the HKEx under the stock code “9658.”

Payment and settlement

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment therefor through the facilities of the Depository Trust Company on or about , 2024.

Depositary

Citibank, N.A.

The number of ordinary shares that will be outstanding immediately after this offering:

•

is based on 619,333,000* ordinary shares issued and outstanding as of the date of this prospectus; and

•

includes ordinary shares in the form of ADSs that we will issue and sell in this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option to purchase additional ADSs.

This includes 61,933,000 ordinary shares issued to the ESOP Platforms. See ‘‘Management — Share Award Scheme” and note 30 to our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus for more details.

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SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following summary consolidated statement of profit or loss data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, summary consolidated statement of balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, and summary consolidated statement of cash flow data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS Accounting Standards, issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, or IASB. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. You should read this Summary Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our summary consolidated statement of profit or loss data for the years indicated:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2022			2023
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Summary consolidated statement of profit or loss data:
Revenue		312,373	100.0%		558,225	100.0%		686,362	100.0%
Other income		19,458	6.2%		6,701	1.2%		6,695	1.0%
Raw materials and consumables used		(113,760)	(36.4)%		(196,646)	(35.2)%		(234,715)	(34.2)%
Staff costs		(143,343)	(45.9)%		(188,927)	(33.8)%		(226,033)	(32.9)%
Rentals and related expenses		(6,556)	(2.1)%		(13,006)	(2.3)%		(17,161)	(2.5)%
Utilities expenses		(11,017)	(3.5)%		(19,743)	(3.5)%		(26,054)	(3.8)%
Depreciation and amortization		(69,916)	(22.4)%		(72,952)	(13.1)%		(78,557)	(11.4)%
Traveling and communication expenses		(2,674)	(0.9)%		(4,776)	(0.9)%		(5,756)	(0.8)%
Listing expenses		—	—		(6,310)	(1.1)%		(1,745)	(0.3)%
Other expenses		(41,729)	(13.4)%		(55,510)	(9.9)%		(62,682)	(9.1)%
Other gains (losses) – net		(73,270)	(23.5)%		(26,793)	(4.8)%		1,177	0.2%
Finance costs		(19,158)	(6.1)%		(12,493)	(2.2)%		(8,424)	(1.2)%
(Loss) Profit before tax		(149,592)	(47.9)%		(32,230)	(5.8)%		33,107	4.8%
Income tax expense		(1,160)	(0.4)%		(9,033)	(1.6)%		(7,850)	(1.1)%
(Loss) Profit for the year		(150,752)	(48.3)%		(41,263)	(7.4)%		25,257	3.7%
Other comprehensive income (expense)
Exchange differences arising on translation of foreign operations		2,097	0.7%		8,385	1.5%		4,627	0.7%
Total comprehensive (expense) income for the year		(148,655)	(47.6)%		(32,878)	(5.9)%		29,884	4.4%
(Loss) Earnings per share – Basic and diluted (USD)		(0.27)			(0.07)			0.05

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The following table presents our summary consolidated statement of balance sheet data as of the dates indicated:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
	(US$ in thousands)
Summary consolidated statement of balance sheet data:
Inventories		16,709		25,984		29,762
Trade and other receivables and prepayments		30,253		26,771		29,324
Amounts due from related parties		29,383		—		—
Bank balances and cash		89,546		93,878		152,908
Total current assets		206,732		153,396		218,962
Total assets		626,723		576,112		576,883
Trade payables		26,549		32,313		34,375
Other payables		24,128		31,663		34,887
Amounts due to related parties		500,562		776		842
Total current liabilities		596,144		117,230		128,571
Total liabilities		813,905		334,075		304,762
Net (liabilities) assets		(187,182)		242,037		272,121
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity		(187,182)		242,037		272,121

The following table presents our summary consolidated statements of cash flow data for the years indicated:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
	(US$ in thousands)
Summary consolidated statements of cash flow data:
Net cash from operating activities		4,382		68,321		114,045
Net cash (used in) from investing activities		(87,464)		888		(11,775)
Net cash from (used in) financing activities		119,879		(65,869)		(43,787)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		36,797		3,340		58,483
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year		51,564		89,546		93,878
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes		1,185		992		547
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year		89,546		93,878		152,908

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RISK FACTORS

An investment in our ADSs involves significant risks. You should consider carefully all of the information in this prospectus, including the risks and uncertainties described below, before making an investment in our ADSs. Any of the following risks could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In any such case, the market price of our ADSs could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

We incurred net losses in 2021 and 2022. Our historical financial and operating results may not be indicative of our future performance.

We recorded net losses of US$150.8 million and US$41.3 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively, and our revenue amounted to US$312.4 million and US$558.2 million in 2021 and 2022 respectively. In 2023, we recorded revenue of US$686.4 million and net profit of US$25.3 million. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our results of operations were adversely affected in 2021 but we recorded a rebound in revenue in 2022 and 2023, as COVID-19 related restrictions have been gradually alleviated, and we continued to expand our restaurant network. Our future profitability will depend on a variety of factors, including the performances of our new and existing restaurants, competitive landscape, customer preference and macroeconomic and regulatory environment. Therefore, our historical results and growth may not be indicative of our future performance. Our financial and operating results may not meet the expectations of public market analysts or investors, which could cause the future price of our ADSs to decline. In particular, as we expand and open new restaurants, our historical financial and operating results may not be indicative of the performance of our new restaurants. See “— We will continue to expand our restaurant network, which may increase risks and uncertainties.” Our revenue, expenses and operating results may vary from period to period in response to a variety of factors beyond our control, including general economic conditions, special events, government regulations or policies affecting our restaurants and our ability to control costs and operating expenses. You should not rely on our historical results to predict the future performance of our ordinary shares and ADSs.

Operating in multiple jurisdictions around the world and expanding to new regions may expose us to various risks, which may include, among others:

•

failure to anticipate changes to the competitive landscape in the new market due to lack of familiarity with the local business environment;

•

different consumer preferences and discretionary spending patterns;

•

difficulty in finding reliable suppliers of food ingredients meeting our quality standards at acceptable prices and quantities;

•

the infringement of our intellectual property rights in foreign jurisdictions;

•

political risks, including civil unrest, acts of terrorism, acts of war, regional and global political or military tensions and strained or altered foreign relations, which may lead to interruptions in our business operations and/or loss of property;

•

geopolitical risks in the countries we operate;

•

economic, financial and market instability and credit risks;

•

material tariffs imposed on our food ingredients imported from other countries;

•

challenges in interpreting and difficulties in complying with foreign investment laws and regulations in different jurisdictions. For example, we may still be found non-compliant with foreign investment laws and regulations by the local authorities due to uncertainties in interpretation and enforcement, despite the steps we already take;

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•

difficulties and costs associated with complying with, and enforcing remedies under, a wide variety of complex local and international laws, treaties and regulations;

•

inability to obtain or maintain the requisite registrations, filings, licenses, permits, approvals and certificates in multiple jurisdictions;

•

economic sanctions, trade restrictions, discrimination, protectionism or unfavorable policies against Chinese brands;

•

difficulties with localized management of employees and operations, including compliance with local labor and immigration laws and regulations;

•

exposure to litigation or third-party claims in different jurisdictions;

•

foreign currency exchange controls and fluctuations;

•

stringent consumer protection and data security requirements in multiple jurisdictions;

•

uncertainties in the interpretation and application of tax laws and regulations, more onerous tax obligations and unfavorable tax conditions; and

•

cultural differences and language difficulties.

As a result of the above factors, our ability to operate in certain jurisdictions may be restricted, or our restaurants in multiple jurisdictions may take longer than expected to ramp up and reach, or may never reach, expected sales and profit levels, thereby affecting our overall profitability. We may also be subject to fines and penalties imposed by local governments and our brand image and reputation may be adversely and materially affected.

In addition, our restaurant network covered 12 countries internationally as of December 31, 2023. Our business and reputation may be adversely and materially affected if there are any geopolitical issues relating to us in the countries we operate. Geopolitical issues may also cause significant inflation in one particular country, which may result in higher procurement costs and therefore affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

We believe our proven management philosophy of “aligned interests and disciplined management” will assist with our expansion. However, as we continue to grow and expand, our current management system may not continue to be effective and successful. Even though we are devoted to adapting our management philosophy in different countries based on local conditions, there is no assurance that we will be able to successfully manage our restaurants in all jurisdictions and effectively manage our growth.

We adopt a multi-tier management system to achieve scalable growth while maintaining standardization, which gives our restaurant managers significant autonomy in the day-to-day operations of the restaurants they manage. Our headquarters are responsible for functions such as food safety, procurement, growth strategy and our senior regional managers primarily serve as the bridge that connects our headquarters and each restaurant. However, we cannot assure you that our headquarters, senior regional managers and restaurant managers will be able to effectively manage all of our restaurants directly as we grow in business scale. In addition, our current restaurant assessment scheme primarily focused on guest satisfaction and employee contribution and places less emphasis on financial performance of the restaurant, which may not always be effective in assessing the performance of our restaurants in different countries.

There can be no assurance that our management system, as it evolves, will always be able to address our needs at different stages of our growth. Any significant failure or deterioration of our management system could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

If we fail to retain existing guests or attract new guests, our financial condition and business operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We cannot guarantee that we will be able to retain our existing customers or attract new customers, and our financial condition and business operations may be materially and adversely affected. Our ability to attract and retain guests could be negatively affected in the following events:

•

decline in the quality of service;

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failure to introduce new services or dishes that gain popularity amongst guests;

•

inability to meet the needs of our guests and changes in consumer tastes or preferences;

•

inability to continually upgrade our technology system; and

•

inability to provide customized services to our guests.

In particular, our business is affected by consumer tastes and dining preferences. While we are committed to regularly updating our menu and introducing innovative and localized dishes from time to time to adapt to dining trends in different geographical locations, shifts in consumer tastes and nutritional trends, we cannot assure you that hot pot is always preferred by guests among all cuisine styles, particularly in a market with smaller Asian communities. In addition, consumer tastes and preferences are constantly changing and our failure to anticipate, identify, interpret and react to these changes could lead to reduced guest traffic and demand for our restaurants. We cannot assure you that our hot pot will continue to be preferred by consumers, or that we will be able to adapt to local tastes and preferences as we expand into new markets. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to launch new dishes that effectively respond to consumer preferences or result in increased profits. If we are unable to respond to changes in consumer tastes and preferences in a timely manner or at all, or if our competitors are able to address these concerns more effectively, we may face a decrease in guest visits and our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

Our continued success depends on our ability to deliver and maintain our high-quality services and dining experience.

The success of our restaurants revolves primarily around guest satisfaction, which is dependent on the continued popularity of the “Haidilao” brand and lies in our ability to provide a great dining experience. As we continue to grow in size, extend our geographic reach and expand our food offerings and services, maintaining food and services quality and consistency may become more difficult and we cannot assure you that customer confidence in our brand will not diminish. There is no assurance that we will be able to continue to provide high-quality services and an enjoyable dining experience to our customers. If consumers perceive or experience a deterioration in food quality, service, ambiance or value for money or believe in any way that we are failing to deliver a consistently enjoyable dining experience, our brand value could suffer and the number of customers visiting our restaurants may decline, which could have a material and adverse impact on our business. The quality of our dining experience may be adversely impacted by a number of factors, including, among others:

•

long waiting time;

•

decline in the quality of service provided by our staff;

•

inability to pioneer and introduce new menu items that gain popularity among guests;

•

inability to meet the localized needs of our guests and adapt to changes in consumer tastes and preferences;

•

decline in food quality, or the perception of such decline amongst guests;

•

any significant liability claims or food contamination complaints from our guests;

•

inability to offer quality food at affordable prices;

•

decrease in the attractiveness or quality of design of our restaurants; and

•

low quality of delivery service.

We cannot guarantee that our dining experience will continue to be of high quality and favored by guests, nor that our existing and new restaurants will continue to be successful.

We face risks related to the instance of any food safety incidents and any food-borne illnesses.

As a restaurant brand, the quality and safety of the food we serve in our restaurants is critical to our success and we face risks in relation to instance of food safety incidents. Due to the different geographical

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locations we operate in and the expansion of our restaurant network, maintaining consistent food quality depends significantly on the effectiveness of our quality control system, which in turn depends on a number of factors, including but not limited to the design of our quality control system, employee trainings to ensure that our employees adhere to those quality control policies and the ability to identify and prevent any potential violation of our quality control system. There can be no assurance that our quality control system will always prove to be effective and can identify all the potential risks and issues in relation to food safety arising from our restaurant operations. The quality of the food ingredients or service provided by our suppliers is subject to factors beyond our control, including the effectiveness of their quality control system, among others. There can be no assurance that our suppliers may always be able to adopt appropriate quality controls and meet our stringent quality control requirements. Any significant failure or deterioration of our quality control system may result in food safety incidents, which could have a material and adverse effect on our reputation, financial condition and results of operations.

Furthermore, our business is susceptible to food-borne illnesses. We cannot guarantee that our internal controls and training will be fully effective in preventing all food-borne illnesses. Our reliance on third-party food suppliers increases the risk of food-borne illness incidents and the risk of multiple locations instead of a single restaurant being affected. Drug resistant illnesses may develop in the future, or diseases with long incubation periods could arise, such as mad-cow disease, that could give rise to claims or allegations on a retroactive basis. Reports in the media of instances of food-borne illnesses could, if highly publicized, negatively affect our industry overall, and our operations could suffer as a result, regardless of whether we were directly involved in the spread of the illness. Furthermore, other illnesses, such as hand, foot and mouth disease or avian influenza, could adversely affect the supply of some of our ingredients and significantly increase our costs, thereby impacting our restaurant sales and conceivably having a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.

We may fail to maintain or enhance brand recognition or reputation.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand is important to maintain our competitive advantages in the international catering service industry. However, our ability to maintain our brand recognition depends on a number of factors, some of which are beyond our control. We may face negative publicity, malicious allegations, customer disputes, and unauthorized use of the “Haidilao” brand, all of which may tarnish the appeal and reputation of our brand. In particular, the “Haidilao” brand is also used by HDL Group. Our brand image and reputation may be adversely affected by negative publicity or customer disputes of HDL Group, which are out of our control. Moreover, our continued success in maintaining and enhancing our brand and image depends to a large extent on our ability to maintain our distinctive combination of our services, and our localized and high-quality food ingredients at affordable prices, as well as our flexibility to adapt to any changes in the competitive landscape in the hot pot industry. If we are unable to do so, the value of our brand or image will be diminished and our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. As we continue to extend our geographic reach and grow in size, maintaining quality and consistency may be more difficult and we cannot assure you that guests’ confidence in our brand will not be diminished.

We will continue to expand our restaurant network, which may increase risks and uncertainties.

We have increased the number of our restaurants from 74 as of January 1, 2021 to 115 as of December 31, 2023. We plan to continue to expand our restaurant geographical coverage and increase our restaurant penetration rate internationally. Our expansion may cause a deterioration in our corporate culture and restaurant quality, which may adversely affect our brand reputation.

Our future growth significantly relies on our ability to open and profitably operate new restaurants. It is challenging for us to continue our expansion while ensuring a localized and consistent high-quality of our food and services. As such, we are exposed to the resulting risks in the following areas:

•

An increase in labor costs or labor reserve. The catering service market is labor-intensive. To achieve continuous expansion and ensure consistent high-quality of customer service, we need sufficient human resources. There is no assurance that we will be able to attract, retain and develop sufficient qualified employees, including restaurant staff, in management, administration, marketing and providing services for our new restaurants in different geographical locations. In particular, we may

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not be able to attract or develop employees with required language skills in different geographical location. Further, we may incur considerable labor costs in order to retain sufficient labor resources.

•

Significant pre-opening costs and capital expenditures. Opening new restaurants incurs significant pre-opening costs and capital expenditures. Pre-opening costs, which mainly consist of staff salaries, consulting services fees, staff relocation expenses, rent and miscellaneous administrative expenses prior to the opening of a restaurant, are incurred before the restaurant begins to generate revenue. Our financial conditions and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected by these pre-opening costs and capital expenditures we incurred.

•

Risks in ingredients supply. Our high-quality dining experience depends significantly on the quality of our food ingredients. Any disruption or damages to our ingredients supply chains could place us at a disadvantaged position. It may take a longer period to set up sound ingredients supply chains for our new restaurants in different geographical locations, and we may fail to maintain or upgrade supply chains in a timely and effective manner.

•

Intense competition and failure to anticipate market changes. We may face intense competition when expanding geographically within existing markets or entering into new markets where we have no experience operating in. Moreover, we may fail to anticipate market changes in these locations.

•

Failure to strengthen our market position. As our current expansion plan involves some uncertainties, we cannot assure you that we will be able to assemble high-quality, affordable ingredients, to replicate our services, and to ensure that all of our employees are in compliance, in particular in compliance with the laws and regulations in respect of food safety in multiple jurisdictions. As a result, we may fail to consolidate our market position.

In addition, we may face intense competition when expanding geographically within existing markets or entering into countries or cities where we have little or no experience operating. We cannot assure you that our new restaurants will not cannibalize the business of our existing restaurants, in which case our business, financial conditions and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. Further, new markets may have different competitive conditions, consumer preferences and spending patterns from our existing markets. As a result, any new restaurants we open in those markets may be less successful than restaurants in our existing markets. Consumers in the new markets, particularly those with smaller Asian communities, may not be familiar with our brand and we may need to build brand awareness in the relevant markets through greater investments in promotional and marketing activities than we originally planned. Sales at the restaurants opened in new markets may take longer than expected to ramp up and reach, or may never reach, expected sales and profit levels, thereby affecting our overall profitability. Further, it may be difficult for us to hire, train and retain qualified employees with a certain level of language skill. Restaurants opened in new markets may also have higher decoration, occupancy or operating costs than restaurants in existing markets.

There is no assurance that we will be able to open new restaurants, either in the existing markets or in new countries or cities. Delays or failures in opening new restaurants could materially and adversely affect our growth and financial and operating results. If new restaurants are opened, they may be less profitable than our existing restaurants due to any decrease in average sales or average spending per customer and/or any increase in construction, occupancy or operating costs.

We face intense competition in the international market for catering services.

The catering service industry is intensely competitive with respect to, among other things, service, food quality, taste, value, ambiance and location. We face significant competition at each of our locations from a variety of restaurants in various market segments, including locally owned Chinese cuisine restaurants and international chains. Many of our competitors are well-established in the markets where we have restaurants, or in which we intend to open new restaurants. Additionally, other companies may develop new restaurants that operate with similar concepts and target our guests resulting in increased competition.

Failure to successfully compete with other restaurants in our markets may prevent us from increasing or sustaining our revenues and profitability and may result in losing market share, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. We may also

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need to modify or refine elements of our restaurant network to evolve our concepts in order to compete with popular new restaurant menu dishes or concepts that develop from time to time. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in implementing these modifications or that these modifications will not reduce our profitability.

Uncertainties relating to the growth of the international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants, especially the hot pot market, could adversely affect our revenues and business prospects.

Our business is affected by the development of the international market for Chinese cuisine and hot pot. Our future results of operations will depend on numerous factors affecting the development of the international markets for Chinese cuisine and hot pot, such as government regulations and policies over this industry, investments in this industry and tastes and dining habits of guests, and some of them are completely beyond our control. Any decline in the popularity of Chinese cuisine in general, especially hot pot, or any failure by us to adapt our strategies in response to trends in the international markets for Chinese cuisine and hot pot may adversely affect our results of operations and business prospects.

We will continue to incur costs on marketing efforts, including advertising, promotions and marketing campaigns to attract guests, some of which may not be sustainable or effective.

We incur costs and expend other resources in our marketing efforts to attract and retain guests. Our marketing activities include advertisements, promotions and in-store marketing campaigns. As we continue to expand globally, we expect to increase our investments in advertising and marketing promotional activities that are tailored to local market. Accordingly, we may incur higher costs in relation to marketing activities, resulting in greater financial risk and a greater impact on our company. Further, some of our marketing activities may not be successful, resulting in expenses incurred without the benefit of higher revenue. Additionally, some of our competitors have greater financial resources, which enable them to spend significantly more on marketing and advertising than we are able to at this time. Should our competitors increase spending on marketing and advertising, or our marketing funds decrease for any reason, or should our advertising and promotions be less effective than those of our competitors, there could be a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

We may not be able to achieve, maintain and increase the sales and profitability of our existing restaurants.

The sales and profitability of existing restaurants will also affect our sales growth and will continue to be a critical factor affecting our revenue and profit. Our ability to increase sales and profitability of existing restaurants depend in part on our ability to successfully implement our initiatives to increase customer traffic, table turnover rate and spending per guest. Examples of these initiatives include offering innovative localized dishes and soup bases, enhancing cultural-oriented dining experience, upgrading customer loyalty program and adjusting prices of our dishes. There can be no assurance that we will be able to achieve our targeted sales growth and profitability for our existing restaurants. If we are unable to achieve our targeted sales and profitability in our existing markets, our business, financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

To minimize the negative impact of existing restaurants with weaker performance, we may decide to close the restaurants with unsatisfactory sales growth or profitability based on our continuous assessment. The closure of restaurants may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

Any shortage or interruption in supply could slow our growth and reduce our profitability.

We maintain a relatively broad supplier network as we only adopt centralized procurement in markets where we have larger presence. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we did not experience any incidents of interruption or delay in our supply chain or failure to secure sufficient quantities of food ingredients from our suppliers that had a material and adverse effect on us. We may incur higher costs in managing such a broad supplier network. While we maintain good business relationships with these parties, we cannot assure you that these suppliers will not breach their contractual obligations to us, or that our agreements will not be suspended, terminated or otherwise expired without renewal. The operations of these parties may be subject to any natural disasters or other unanticipated catastrophic events, including adverse weather, natural disasters,

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fires, technical or mechanical difficulty, storms, explosions, earthquakes, strikes, acts of terrorism, wars and outbreaks of epidemics could cause a delay or suspension of operations of these parties, which may affect the quality of their products and services, cause interruptions in our operations. In such event, our business, financial conditions and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

In addition, we rely on third party logistics service providers to deliver food ingredients to our restaurants. We cannot guarantee that these logistic service providers will be able to deliver food ingredients on time, or the food ingredients will not be subject to contamination during the delivery, which is beyond our control. In such event, our business, financial condition and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

Fluctuations in exchange rates could have a material and adverse effect on our results of operations.

Because we conduct a significant and growing portion of our business in currencies other than the US dollars but report our consolidated financial results in US dollars, we face, exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we recorded US$13.2 million, US$21.9 million and US$5.0 million net foreign exchange loss, respectively. As exchange rates vary, revenue, cost of raw materials and consumables, exclusive of depreciation and amortization, operating expenses, other income and expense, and assets and liabilities, when translated, may also vary materially and thus affect our overall financial results. We may in the future, enter into hedging arrangements to manage foreign currency translation, but such activity may not completely eliminate fluctuations in our operating results due to currency exchange rate changes. Hedging arrangements are inherently risky, and we do not have experience establishing hedging programs, which could expose us to additional risks that could adversely affect our financial condition and operating results.

Rising interest rates could negatively impact our performance and restaurant expansion plans

We are exposed to fair value interest rate risk in relation to pledged bank deposits, fixed-rate bank borrowings, other financial assets and lease liabilities. We are also exposed to cash flow interest risk in relation to variable-rate bank balances, and variable-rate bank borrowings which carry prevailing market interests. We attempt to minimize this risk and lower our overall borrowing costs through maintaining a balanced portfolio of fixed rate and floating rate bank borrowings and bank balances.

This risk has not had a material impact on our overall borrowing cost or our financial performance. However, in the event that we fail to control this risk in the future, rising interest rates could significantly increase our cost of borrowing or could make it difficult for us to obtain financing in the future. An increased cost of borrowing would make it more expensive for us to acquire or lease properties to convert into a Haidilao restaurant unit or to acquire an existing restaurant, which may negatively impact our performance. If we are unable to obtain financing in the future, our growth could be limited, which could negatively impact our business and operating results.

We may not be able to retain or secure key members of our management team or other key personnel including our senior regional managers for our operations.

Our future success depends on the continued service and efforts of our directors and executive officers. Losing their service of them and that of other key personnel with industry experience and know-how in areas such as restaurant operations, financial, accounting and risk management, could have a material and adverse effect on our ability to sustain and grow our business. We need to continue to attract, retain and motivate a sufficient number of qualified management and operating personnel to maintain consistency in the quality and atmosphere of our restaurants and meet our expansion plans.

We will need to continue to attract, train and retain talents at all levels, such as skillful restaurant staff, as we expand our business and operations. Competition for experienced management and operating personnel in the restaurant industry is intense, and the pool of qualified candidates is limited. We may not be able to retain the services of our core management team and key personnel or attract and retain high-quality core management team or key personnel in the future. We invest significant amounts of time and effort to cultivate qualified restaurant managers and other key personnel at restaurant level. Historically, substantially all of our restaurant managers were promoted internally within the organization from the most junior

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ranking positions. If one or more of our key personnel are unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we may not be able to replace them easily or at all, and our business may be disrupted, and our results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, if any member of our core management team or any of our other key personnel joins a competitor or forms a competing business, we may lose business secrets and know-how as a result, which may have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We are subject to the risks associated with leasing premises for our restaurants.

We lease the premises for all of our restaurants. Our property rent costs may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic conditions, limit our ability to obtain additional financing and reduce our cash for other purposes. Our property rent costs may further increase in line with our restaurant network expansion.

We normally negotiate with the landlords to renew our leases upon their expiration. If we are unable to renew the leases, we may have to close or relocate the restaurant. We may not be able to identify suitable premises at commercially reasonable prices and we may incur significant relocation and decoration costs in relation to the new premises we lease. In addition, the revenue and profit generated from this restaurant may be adversely affected. Even though we are able to renew the lease agreements, we cannot assure you that we will be able to renew without substantial additional costs or increase in rental cost. If a lease agreement is renewed at a rent substantially higher than the historical rate, or any historical favorable terms granted by the lessor to us are not extended, our business and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected. As a result, any inability to obtain leases for desirable restaurant locations or renew existing leases on commercially reasonable terms could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We are also subject to risks generally associated with the property rental market. These risks mainly include changes in market rental rates, relocation of business districts or communities, supply or demand for the products of our restaurants and potential liability for environmental contamination. In addition, we are also subject to risks in relation to potential title defects of the premises we lease, which sometimes are beyond our control.

We may experience liability claims or complaints from our guests, or adverse publicity involving our products, our service or our restaurants.

Being in the catering service industry, we face an inherent risk of food contamination and liability claims. Our food quality substantially depends on the quality of the food ingredients provided by our suppliers, and we may not be able to detect all defects in those supplies. We have implemented comprehensive food safety measures and inspection procedures for key stages in our supply chain, and we conduct periodic and spot inspections of the participants in our supply chain (i.e., suppliers, food processing service providers, and inventory and logistics providers) and of our restaurants. However, as we expand our business scale, we cannot assure you that these counterparties or our restaurant employees will adhere to our internal procedures and requirements at all times. Any failure to detect defective food supplies, poor hygiene or cleanliness standards in our operations or other failure to observe our requirements, could adversely affect the quality of the food served in our restaurants, which could lead to liability claims, complaints, or related adverse publicity and could result in the imposition of penalties by competent authorities or compensation awarded by courts against us.

In the past, we have received an insignificant number of guest complaints, considering the scale of our business and guest traffic. Most of the guest complaints we received were related to the taste and style of a particular dish, and the service quality of our staff. Some related to scalding and other accidents occurred in the dining process. We take these complaints seriously and endeavor to reduce such complaints by implementing various remedial measures. Nevertheless, we cannot assure you that we can successfully prevent all guest complaints of similar nature.

Any complaints or claims against us, even if meritless and unsuccessful, may divert management attention and other resources from our business and adversely affect our business and operations. Guests may lose confidence in us and our brand, which may adversely affect the business of our restaurants, resulting in declines in our revenue and even losses. Furthermore, negative publicity, including but not limited to

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negative online reviews on social media and restaurant review platforms, and media reports or industry findings related to food quality, safety, public health concerns, illness, injury or governmental investigations, whether or not accurate, and whether or not concerning our restaurants, can adversely affect our business, results of operations and reputation.

Interruptions, delays or failure in providing our food delivery services may have a material and adverse effect on us.

In addition to dine-in services in our restaurants, we offer food delivery services in certain restaurants. We primarily engage local third-party food delivery service companies to deliver our food and we have less control over their services and quality control measures. As the food provider, we may be held liable for complaints and/or compensation related to orders made through these platforms, even if through no fault of ours.

Interruptions, delays or failures in providing our delivery services, whether or not at our fault, may materially and adversely impact the experience of our customers and, further, damage our reputation and business. These interruptions may be caused by unforeseen events that are beyond our control or the control of the food delivery services platforms, such as inclement weather, natural disasters, transportation disruptions, and labor unrest. In addition, food safety or product quality issues may occur when food delivery services are performed by third-party platforms. Any such incidents may result in the return of our food or complaints and, further, harm the reputation of our overall business image.

The payment methods that we accept subject us to third-party payment-related risks.

A significant portion of our revenue were settled through third-party payment service providers, such as Visa and Mastercard. Therefore, the ability to accept digital payments from these third-party channels are crucial for our success. If we fail to extend or renew the agreements with these third-party payment processors on acceptable terms or if these payment service processors are unwilling or unable to provide us with payment service or impose onerous requirements on us in order to access their services, or if they increase the fees they charge us for these services, our business and results of operations could be harmed. Furthermore, to the extent we rely on the systems of the third-party payment processors, any defects, failures and interruptions in their systems could result in similar adverse effect on our business.

Our results of operations may fluctuate due to seasonality.

We have been subject to certain levels of seasonal fluctuations. For example, we normally record higher guest visits and generate higher sales during winter months and holiday seasons. Going forward, our financial condition and results of operations may fluctuate due to seasonality as we continue to expand our store network and our historical results of operations may not be comparable to or indicative of our future results of operations.

We may be unable to receive compensation from suppliers for contaminated ingredients used in our dishes and indemnity provisions in our supply contracts may be insufficient.

In the event that we become subject to food safety claims caused by contaminated or otherwise defective ingredients or raw materials from our suppliers, we may attempt to seek compensation from the relevant suppliers. However, indemnities provided by suppliers may be limited and the claims against suppliers may be subject to certain conditions precedent which may not be satisfied. Further, our supply contracts usually do not have provisions to cover lost profits and indirect or consequential losses. If no claim can be asserted against a supplier or amounts that we claim cannot be recovered from the supplier to the extent that our insurance coverage is insufficient, we may be required to bear such losses and compensation at our own costs. This could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may not be able to adequately manage our inventory.

As a restaurant operator, our raw materials mainly include food ingredients that have limited shelf lives. For instance, our hand-cut lamb typically has a shelf life of three days. The shorter the shelf life and

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the longer we hold such inventories, the higher our risk of inventory obsolescence is. We monitor our inventory levels at each restaurant through a just-in-time inventory management system. However, consumption of our food ingredients is subject to various factors beyond our control, including fluctuations in guest traffic, and in the long term, changes in consumer tastes and dining preferences. We cannot guarantee that our inventory levels will be able to meet the demands of guests, which may adversely affect our sales. We also cannot guarantee that all of our food inventory can be consumed within its shelf life. Excess inventory may increase our inventory holding costs and subject us to the risk of inventory obsolescence or write-offs, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Sites of our existing restaurants may become unattractive, and our new restaurants may not be able to obtain quality sites at commercially reasonable prices, if at all.

We consider geographical locations to be critical in the success of our restaurants and we thus carefully evaluate our restaurant sites. There can be no assurance that the sites of our existing restaurants will continue to be attractive as the areas in which they are located may deteriorate or otherwise change in the future, resulting in reduced sales at these sites. For example, construction or renovation works at the local areas or activities centers where our restaurants are located may adversely affect the accessibility of our relevant restaurant sites, which in turn may result in a decrease in the pedestrian or vehicle flow and ultimately the guest traffic at our relevant restaurants.

Our long-term success is also dependent on our ability to effectively identify and secure appropriate sites for new restaurants at commercially reasonable prices and terms. We compete with other retailers and restaurants for quality sites in the highly competitive market. Some of our competitors may have the ability to negotiate more favorable lease terms than we can, and some lessors and developers may offer priority or grant exclusivity to some of our competitors for desirable locations. If we cannot obtain desirable restaurant locations at commercially reasonable prices and terms, our ability to implement our growth strategy will be adversely affected.

Our information technology systems are subject to risks.

In the ordinary course of business, we use various information technology systems to manage our restaurants and maintain our customer loyalty program, among others. Our information technology systems may be vulnerable to damage or interruption from circumstances beyond our control, including power outages, fire, natural disasters, systems failures, security breaches and viruses. Any significant failure of our information technology systems, or loss or leakage of confidential information could have a material and adverse effect on our business and result in transaction errors, processing inefficiencies and loss of sales and guests. Any security breach caused by hackings to gain unauthorized access to our information or systems, or to cause intentional malfunctions, loss or corruption of data, software, hardware or other computer equipment, or any intentional or inadvertent transmission of computer viruses and similar events or third-party actions could have a material and adverse effect on our business. We also receive and maintain certain personal information about our guests through our customer loyalty programs, as well as by making credit or debit cards sales, which may be breached due to the actions of outside parties, employee error, malfeasance, or a combination of these or otherwise. If any actual or perceived breach of our security occurs, our guests’ confidence in the effectiveness of our security measures could be harmed and we may lose guests and suffer financial losses due to such events or in connection with remediation efforts, investigation costs and system protection measures, any of which could harm our reputation and materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The improper collection, transfer, use or disclosure of data could harm our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our business collects, transfers and processes certain personal and business data. We face risks inherent to the collection, transfer, use and disclosure of data, especially personal data. In particular, we face a number of challenges relating to data security and privacy, including but not limited to:

•

protecting the data in and hosted on our system, including against attacks on our system by outside parties, data leakage or fraudulent behavior or improper use by our employees or business partners;

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•

addressing concerns, challenges, negative publicity and litigation related to data security and privacy, collection, transfer, use and actual or perceived sharing, safety, security and other factors;

•

complying with applicable laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, storage, transfer, disclosure and security of personal data, including requests from data subjects and compliance requirements in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

Data protection and privacy laws, regulations and standards are constantly being reviewed and updated to ensure that the standard of protection afforded is kept abreast with technological developments and advancements in this digital era. For example, in Singapore, the Personal Data Protection Act 2012 governs the collection, use and disclosure of personal data by organizations in a manner that recognizes both the right of individuals to protect their personal data and the need for organizations to collect, use or disclose personal data for purposes that a reasonable person would consider appropriate in particular circumstances. To this end, the Personal Data Protection (Amendment) Act 2020 took a general shift away from consent- centricity and sought to provide individuals with greater autonomy to control their personal data. Other amendments also included updating rules relating to digital marketing (to cover new communications platforms and applications) and introducing new provisions such as mandatory data breach notifications and offences relating to egregious mishandling of personal data, which have already come into effect since February 1, 2021. The increased financial penalties for data breaches by organizations introduced in this amendment is also set to take effect sometime from October 1, 2022. In lieu of the above, it is thus essential that our internal data protection policy, training materials and guidelines are similarly reviewed and updated in a timely manner to ensure that they remain in compliance and meet the standards required under the relevant data protection rules and regulations.

Any failure, breach or lapse of our data policies may expose us to liability and/or regulatory actions, and may attract negative publicity from media outlets, privacy advocates, our competitors or others, resulting in a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Our insurance policies may not cover the risks relating to our business and operations.

Currently, we maintain insurance policies that we believe are customary for businesses of our size and type and in line with the industry practice. We do not maintain insurance policies against all risks associated with the catering industry, either because we believe it is commercially unfeasible to do so, or the risk is minimal, or because the insurers have carved certain risks out of their standard policies. These risks include, without limitation, events such as the loss of business arising from increased competition and loss of reputation, among others. If an incident occurs, in relation to which we have inadequate insurance coverage, our business, financial position and operating results could be materially and adversely affected.

We may not be able to adequately protect our proprietary know-how or intellectual property, including our recipes, which, in turn, could harm the value of our brand and adversely affect our business.

Our proprietary know-how, recipes, trade secrets and other intellectual property, including our names and logos are important to our business. We use confidentiality and non-compete agreements with key management and operating personnel and other parties that may have access to our proprietary know-how, recipes and trade secrets. We also take other precautionary measures to protect our intellectual properties. However, we cannot assure you that these measures are adequate and effective in preventing others from independently developing or otherwise obtaining access to our proprietary know-how, recipes and trade secrets. As a result, the appeal of our restaurants could be reduced, and our business and results of operations could be adversely affected.

We cannot assure you that we can prevent third parties from infringing upon our intellectual property rights. We may, from time to time, be required to institute litigation, arbitration or other proceedings to enforce our intellectual property rights, which could be time-consuming and expensive to resolve and would divert our management’s time and attention regardless of its outcome, materially and adversely affecting our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

On the other hand, we may face claims of infringement that could interfere with the use of our proprietary know-how, recipes or trade secrets. Defending against such claims may be costly and, if we are

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unsuccessful, we may be prohibited from continuing to use such proprietary information in the future or be forced to pay damages, royalties or other fees for using such proprietary information, any of which could negatively affect our sales, profitability and prospects.

In addition, certain of our intellectual properties are licensed from Sichuan Haidilao Catering Co., Ltd. (“Sichuan Haidilao”). We cannot guarantee that Sichuan Haidilao will not breach the trademark license agreement, due to the changes in the factors beyond our control, including local laws or government regulations or that the trademark license agreement will not be terminated for other reasons. We believe that our brand and trademarks are important to our business. If a third-party successfully challenges Sichuan Haidilao’ ownership of, or our right to use, the “Haidilao” and related trademarks, our business, financial conditions and results of operations will be materially and adversely affected.

We may fail to be in compliance with regulatory requirements or obtain related licenses required by relevant authorities.

In accordance with the relevant laws and regulations in jurisdictions in which we operate, we are required to maintain various approvals, licenses and permits to operate our restaurant business, including food operation license, environmental protection assessment, fire safety verification and fire safety inspection. These approvals, licenses and permits are obtained upon satisfactory compliance with, amongst other things, the applicable food hygiene and safety, environmental protection, fire safety and liquor licensing laws and regulations.

Going forward, if we fail to obtain all of the necessary licenses, permits and approvals, we may be subject to fines, confiscation of the gains derived from the related restaurants or the suspension of operations of the restaurants, which could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. We may also experience adverse publicity arising from such non-compliance with government regulations that negatively impacts our brand. We may experience difficulties or failures in obtaining the necessary approvals, licenses and permits for new restaurants. If we fail to obtain the material licenses, our restaurant opening, and expansion plan may be delayed. In addition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain, renew and/or convert all of the approvals, licenses and permits required for our existing business operations upon expiration in a timely manner or at all. If we cannot obtain and/or maintain all licenses required by us, our ongoing business could be interrupted, and we may also be subject to fines and penalties. In such event, our business, reputation and prospects will be materially and adversely affected.

We may be unable to detect, deter and prevent all instances of fraud or other misconduct committed by our employees, suppliers or other third parties.

We may be exposed to fraud, bribery or other misconduct committed by our employees, suppliers or third parties that could subject us to financial losses and sanctions imposed by governmental authorities, which may adversely affect our reputation. In particular, being in the restaurant business, we usually receive and handle relatively large amounts of cash in our daily operations. We implement internal procedures and policies to monitor our operations and ensure overall compliance, specifically in relation to employee conduct and cash management. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not aware of any instances of fraud, bribery, and other misconduct involving employees, suppliers and other third parties that had any material and adverse impact on our business and results of operations. However, we cannot assure you that there will not be any such instances in the future. Although we consider our internal control policies and procedures to be adequate, we may be unable to prevent, detect or deter all such instances of misconduct. Any such misconduct committed against our interests, which may include past acts that have gone undetected or future acts, may have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Macroeconomic factors may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

The catering industry is affected by macroeconomic factors, including changes in international, national, regional and local economic conditions, employment levels and consumer spending patterns. In particular, our restaurants are located in multiple jurisdictions and accordingly, our results of operations are affected by the global macroeconomic conditions. Any deterioration of the global economy, decrease in disposable consumer income, fear of a recession and decrease in consumer confidence may lead to a reduction

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of guest traffic and average spending per guest at our restaurants, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

Moreover, the occurrence of a sovereign debt crisis, banking crisis or other disruptions in the global financial markets that could impact the availability of credit generally may have a material and adverse impact on financings available to us. Renewed turmoil affecting the financial markets, banking systems or currency exchange rates may significantly restrict our ability to obtain financing from the capital markets or from financial institutions on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We may be subject to health epidemics and outbreaks, natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other factors beyond our control.

We face risks related to health epidemics. Past occurrences of epidemics or pandemics, depending on their scale of occurrence, have caused different degrees of damage to regional and global economies. In particular, our historical performance has been materially and adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Since 2022, countries have gradually eased various restrictive measures and business activities in most countries where we operate have largely resumed. However, there remains uncertainty about the future development of the COVID-19 pandemic or other health epidemics, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Natural disasters, acts of war or terrorism or other factors beyond our control may adversely affect the economy, infrastructure and livelihood of the people in the countries where we conduct our business. Our operations may be under the threat of floods, earthquakes, sandstorms, snowstorms, fire or drought, power, water or fuel shortages, failures, malfunction and breakdown of information management systems, unexpected maintenance or technical problems, or are susceptible to potential wars or terrorist attacks. In such events, our restaurants may be forced to close or relocate. Serious natural disasters may result in loss of lives, injury, destruction of assets and disruption of our business and operations. Acts of war or terrorism may also injure our employees, cause loss of lives, disrupt our business network and destroy our markets. Any of these factors and other factors beyond our control could have an adverse effect on the overall business sentiment and environment, cause uncertainties in the countries where we conduct business, cause our business to suffer in ways that we cannot predict and materially and adversely impact our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

We may face risks in relation to labor disputes.

The catering service market is labor intensive in nature. Due to our large employment base across different jurisdictions, we may be subject to various employment-related claims from our employees and former employees, such as individual or class actions or government enforcement actions relating to alleged employment discrimination, employee classification and related withholding, wage-hour, labor standards or healthcare and benefit issues. Such actions, if brought against us and successful in whole or in part, may affect our ability to compete or materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

We cannot guarantee that we will not be involved in claims, disputes and legal proceedings in our ordinary course of business.

From time to time, we may be involved in claims, disputes and legal proceedings in our ordinary course of business. These may concern issues relating to, among others, food safety and quality incidents, environmental matters, breach of contract, employment or labor disputes and infringement of intellectual property rights. As of the date of this prospectus, we are not involved in any litigations or legal proceedings that may materially affect our business and results of operations. Any claims, disputes or legal proceedings initiated by us or brought against us, with or without merit, may result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, and if we are unsuccessful, could materially harm our reputation. Furthermore, claims, disputes or legal proceedings against us may be caused by defective supplies sold to us by our suppliers, who may not be able to indemnify us in full and in a timely manner, or at all, for any costs that we incur as a result of such claims, disputes and legal proceedings.

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Taxation authorities could challenge our allocation of taxable income which could increase our consolidated tax liability.

Our international operations involve certain intra-group transactions and cross border business arrangements during the ordinary course of business, which may impose inherent uncertainty over our profit allocation and its respective tax position across different jurisdictions. The tax treatments of these transactions or arrangements may be subject to interpretation by respective tax authorities in different countries. Although in the past we did not identify transfer pricing risks in the intra-group transactions of us, there is no assurance that relevant tax authorities would not challenge the appropriateness of our transfer pricing arrangement in the future or that the relevant regulations or standards governing such arrangement will not be subject to future changes. In the event a competent tax authority later finds that the transfer prices and the terms that we have applied are not appropriate, such authority could require our relevant subsidiaries to re-determine transfer prices and thereby reallocate the income or adjust the taxable income or deduct costs and expenses of the relevant subsidiary in order to accurately reflect such income. Any such reallocation or adjustment could result in a higher overall tax liability for us and if this occurs, it may have a material and adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Specifically, with respect to Singapore, to strengthen international cooperation in taxation matters, stamp out harmful practices and combat tax avoidance by multinational enterprises (“MNEs”), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development was tasked by the G20 to study and deal with the issue of Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (“BEPS”) by MNEs. Discussions on BEPS were subsequently broadened to include more than 140 jurisdictions, through a platform called the Inclusive Framework on BEPS (“IF”). In October 2021, the IF agreed on a Two Pillar solution (“BEPS 2.0”) to address the tax challenges arising from the digitalisation of the economy. BEPS 2.0 has since been accepted by more than 135 member jurisdictions of the IF, including Singapore. Under BEPS 2.0:

•

Pillar 1 seeks to re-allocate some profits and in turn, taxes, of affected MNE groups from where economic activities are conducted to where the customers are. International discussions remain ongoing as to how to determine the jurisdictions that will surrender profits for re-allocation to market jurisdictions, and how much each will have to surrender.

•

Pillar 2 introduces, among other things, the Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (“GloBE Rules”), which in turn introduces a global minimum effective tax rate (“ETR”) of 15% for MNE groups with annual global revenues of 750m Euros or more. If an affected MNE group has an ETR of less than 15% in Singapore at the group level, other jurisdictions can collect the difference of up to 15%. In the 2023 Singapore Budget, it was announced that Singapore plans to implement the GloBE Rules and a Domestic Top-up Tax (“DTT”) from businesses’ financial year starting on or after January 1, 2025. The DTT will top up the ETR of in-scope MNE groups operating in Singapore to 15%. However, as the GloBE Rules remain subject to international developments, the Singapore government may adjust the implementation timelines as needed if there are delays internationally. For the avoidance of doubt, as of now, the Singapore parliament has not introduced any bill or legislation on the implementation of the GloBE Rules and DTT.

It is not certain if we will be classified as a Singapore tax resident.

Under the Income Tax Act 1947 of Singapore (“Singapore Income Tax Act”), the tax residency of a company is determined by where the business is controlled and managed (and not necessarily the place of incorporation of the company). In this regard, control and management is defined to mean the making of decisions on strategic matters, such as those concerning the company’s policy and strategy, and where such control and management is exercised is a question of fact. One of the considerations would usually be the location at which the board of directors’ meetings of the company is held. Accordingly, a company which is established outside Singapore but whose governing body, being the board of directors, usually exercises de facto control and management of its business in Singapore, the company could be considered a tax resident in Singapore. However, such control and management of the business is unlikely to be deemed to be made in Singapore if physical board meetings are conducted outside Singapore. Where board resolutions are passed in the form of written consent signed by the directors each acting in their own jurisdictions, or where the board meetings are held by teleconference or videoconference, it is possible that the place of de facto control

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and management will be considered to be where the majority of the board are located when they sign such consent or attend such conferences.

We believe that SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD. is not a Singapore tax resident for Singapore income tax purposes. However, our tax residence status is subject to determination by the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore, or IRAS, and uncertainties remain with respect to the interpretation of the term “control and management” for the purposes of the Singapore Income Tax Act. If IRAS determines that SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD. is a Singapore tax resident for Singapore income tax purposes, the portion of our single company income on an unconsolidated basis that is accruing in or derived from Singapore or is received or deemed by the Singapore Income Tax Act to be received in Singapore, where applicable, may be subject to Singapore income tax at the prevailing tax rate of 17% before applicable income tax exemptions or relief. Further, any dividends received or deemed received in Singapore from subsidiaries located in a foreign jurisdiction with a rate of income tax or tax of a similar nature of no more than 15% may generally be subject to additional Singapore income tax where there is no other applicable tax treaty between such foreign jurisdiction and Singapore. Income is considered to have been received in Singapore when it is: (i) remitted to, transmitted or brought into Singapore; (ii) applied in or towards satisfaction of any debt incurred in respect of a trade or business carried on in Singapore; or (iii) applied to purchase any movable property that is brought into Singapore. In addition, as Singapore does not impose withholding tax on dividends declared by Singapore resident companies, if SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD. is considered a Singapore tax resident, dividends paid to the holders of our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be subject to withholding tax in Singapore. Regardless of whether or not we are regarded as a Singapore tax resident, holders of our ordinary shares or the ADSs who are not Singapore tax residents would generally not be subject to Singapore income tax on gains derived from the disposal of our ordinary shares or the ADSs if such shareholders do not maintain a permanent establishment in Singapore, to which the disposition gains may be effectively connected, and the entire process (including the negotiation, deliberation, execution of the acquisition and sale, etc.) leading up to the actual acquisition and sale of the ADSs or our ordinary shares is performed outside Singapore. For Singapore resident shareholders, if the gain from disposal of our ordinary shares or the ADSs is considered by IRAS as income in nature, such gain will generally be subject to Singapore income tax, and at present not taxable in Singapore if the gain is considered by IRAS as capital gains in nature.

Notably, with effect from January 1, 2024, under the new section 10L of the Singapore Income Tax Act (“SITA”) (introduced under the Income Tax (Amendment) Bill No. 30/2023), gains from the sale or disposal of moveable or immovable property situated outside Singapore (“Foreign Assets”) on or after January 1, 2024 that are received by an entity of a relevant group in Singapore from outside Singapore, will be treated as income chargeable to tax under section 10(1)(g) of the SITA. This is provided that such gains, if not for the new section 10L of the SITA, would either (i) not be chargeable to tax under section 10(1) of the SITA or (ii) be exempt from tax under the SITA.

To this end, a relevant group is defined as a group where any entity of the group has a place of business in more than one jurisdiction, or where the entities of the group are not all incorporated, registered or established in a single jurisdiction. In turn, an entity forms part of a group if its assets, liabilities, income, expenses and cash flows are (i) included in the consolidated financial statements of the parent entity of the group or (ii) excluded from the same solely on size or materiality grounds or on the grounds that the entity is held for sale.

Gains from the sale or disposal of Foreign Assets will be deemed as received in Singapore from outside Singapore if they are:

(a)

remitted, transmitted or brought into Singapore;

(b)

applied in or towards satisfaction of any debt incurred in respect of a trade or business carried on in Singapore; or

(c)

applied to the purchase of any movable property which is brought into Singapore.

That said, the application of the new section 10L of the SITA can be excluded in certain situations. These exclusions apply to the sale or disposal of Foreign Assets (not being a foreign intellectual property right) that are carried out:

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(a)

as part of, or incidental to the business activities of the following financial institutions:

(i)

a bank or merchant bank licensed under the Singapore Banking Act 1970;

(ii)

a finance company licensed under the Singapore Finance Companies Act 1967;

(iii)

an insurer licensed or regulated under the Singapore Insurance Act 1966; or

(iv)

a holder of a capital markets services licence under the Singapore Securities and Futures Act 2001;

(b)

as part of, or incidental to the business activities or operations of an entity which are incentivised under the following tax incentives in Singapore in the basis period in which the sale or disposal occurred:

(i)

Aircraft Leasing Scheme;

(ii)

Development and Expansion Incentive;

(iii)

Finance and Treasury Centre Incentive;

(iv)

Financial Sector Incentive;

(v)

Global Trader Programme;

(vi)

Insurance Business Development Incentive;

(vii)

Maritime Sector Incentive; and

(viii)

Pioneer Certificate Incentive; or

(c)

by an excluded entity in the basis period in which the sale or disposal occurred, such excluded entity being an entity with adequate economic substance in Singapore (as determined by factors such as whether the operations of the entity are managed and performed in Singapore).

It should be noted that under the new section 10L of the SITA, shares in or securities issued by a foreign incorporated company, or intellectual property rights owned by a non-Singapore resident entity, would be regarded as Foreign Assets. This is a shift from the present position under Singapore tax laws, where capital gains are ordinarily not taxable. Such a shift is intended to address international tax avoidance risks relating to non-taxation of disposal gains in the absence of real economic activities, and is line with international standards such as the EU Guidance on Foreign-Sourced Income Exemption Regimes.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws, and non-compliance with such laws can subject us to administrative, civil and criminal fines and penalties, collateral consequences, remedial measures and legal expenses, any discrimination or riot action, could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

We are subject to anti-corruption, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering, financial and economic sanctions and similar laws and regulations in various jurisdictions in which we conduct activities, including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, the Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act 2002 of Singapore, the Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1992 of Singapore and other anti-corruption laws and regulations. The FCPA and the U.K. Bribery Act 2010 prohibit us and our officers, directors, employees and business partners acting on our behalf, including agents, from corruptly offering, promising, authorizing or providing anything of value to a “foreign official” for the purposes of influencing official decisions or obtaining or retaining business or otherwise obtaining favorable treatment. The FCPA also requires companies to make and keep books, records and accounts that accurately reflect transactions and dispositions of assets and to maintain a system of adequate internal accounting controls. The U.K. Bribery Act also prohibits non-governmental “commercial” bribery and soliciting or accepting bribes. A violation of these laws or regulations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and reputation.

With respect to the position in Singapore, Singapore adopts a whole-of-government approach in combating money laundering and terrorism financing, which is led by the Anti-Money Laundering and

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Countering and Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) Steering Committee. To this end, Singapore takes a preventive approach that combines tough licensing (generally specific to financial institutions) and comprehensive reporting requirements, strict AML/CFT regulations and risk-based supervision of the relevant financial and non-financial sectors. Amongst others, section 8(1) of the Terrorism (Suppression of Financing) Act 2002 of Singapore (“TSOFA”) requires that every person in Singapore and every citizen of Singapore outside Singapore who has information about any transaction or proposed transaction in respect of any property belonging to any terrorist or terrorist entity, must immediately inform the Commissioner of Police of that fact or information. Further, section 10(1) of the TSOFA also provides that “every person in Singapore who has information which the person knows or believes may be of material assistance (a) in preventing the commission by another person of a terrorism financing offence; or (b) in securing the apprehension, prosecution or conviction of another person, in Singapore, for an offence involving the commission, preparation or instigation of a terrorism financing offence, who fails to disclose the information immediately to a police officer shall be guilty of an offence.” An offence under the TSOFA may result in the extradition of a convicted individual, where applicable. Separately, the Corruption, Drug Trafficking and Other Serious Crimes (Confiscation of Benefits) Act 1992 of Singapore (“CDSA”) also covers the prevention of money laundering and its criminalization. In this regard, the CDSA defines the roles of government authorities and imposes rules for money laundering prevention, including reporting procedures and penalties for criminals. Notably, the offences under the CDSA applies to any property, whether it is situated in Singapore or elsewhere.

Increasing focus on environmental, social and governance matters may impose additional costs on us or expose us to additional risks.

We believe our long-term success rests on our ability to make positive impact on the environment and society and we have adopted a series of environmental, social and governance related policies in our business operations. For details, see “Business — Environmental Social and Corporate Governance.” Investor advocacy groups, certain institutional investors, investment funds, and other influential investors are also increasingly focused on ESG practices and in recent years have placed increasing importance on the implications and social cost of their investments. Regardless of the industry, increased focus from investors on ESG and similar matters may hinder access to capital, as investors may decide to reallocate capital or to not commit capital as a result of their assessment of a company’s ESG practices. Any ESG concern or issue could increase our regulatory compliance costs. If we do not adapt to or comply with the evolving expectations and standards on ESG matters from investors or are perceived to have not responded appropriately to the growing concern for ESG issues, regardless of whether there is a legal requirement to do so, we may suffer from reputational damage and the business, financial condition, and the price of the ADSs could be materially and adversely effected.

Our restaurant operations in various countries may subject us to cultural and language difficulties.

As of the date of this prospectus, we operate in over 12 countries. We have made, and expect to continue to make, significant investments to expand our international operations and compete with local competitors.

Conducting our business internationally, particularly in countries in which we have limited experience, subjects us to risks that we do not face to the same degree in other jurisdictions. In particular, we are subject to operational and compliance challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences. Further, we are subject to resources that are required to localize our business, which requires qualified employees with certain level of language skills, the translation of our website into foreign languages and the adaptation of our operations to local practices, laws, and regulations. We are also facing different levels of social acceptance of our brand, products, and offerings. These cultural and language risks could adversely affect our international operations, which could in turn adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Our operations are susceptible to increases in our purchase costs of food ingredients and labor costs, which could adversely affect our margins and results of operations.

Our profitability depends significantly on our ability to anticipate and react to changes in purchase costs of food ingredients. We primarily rely on certain connected persons and local suppliers in the

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jurisdictions we operated to supply soup based, fresh produce, seafood, meat and other ingredients. Increases in distribution costs or sale prices or failure to perform by our suppliers could cause our food costs to increase. We may be unwilling or unable to pass these cost increases onto our guests, and our operating margins may decrease as a result.

The type, variety, quality and price of food supplies are volatile and subject to factors beyond our control, including seasonal shifts, climate conditions, natural disasters, local regulations and availability, each of which may affect our food costs or cause a disruption in our supply. We are also subject to inflation pressure in the international market, which may also result in an increase in our purchase costs. Although we do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our financial position or results of operations to date, a high rate of inflation, for example, for certain local or seasonal ingredients or items we offer, may have an adverse effect on financial position if our menu prices do not increase with these increases. Our suppliers may also be affected by higher costs to produce and transport commodities used in our restaurants, rising labor costs and other expenses that they pass through to their customers, which could result in higher costs for goods and services supplied to us. Although we are able to contract for some of the food ingredients used in our restaurants for periods of up to one year, the pricing and availability of some of the food ingredients used in our operations cannot be locked in for periods of longer than one month or at all. We currently do not enter into futures contracts or engage in other financial risk management strategies against potential price fluctuations in food costs. We may not be able to anticipate and react to changes in food costs through our purchasing practices and menu price adjustments in the future, and failure to do so could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Labor costs and the long-term trend of higher wages may also lead to declines in our margins and operating results. The catering service industry is labor intensive. Since our staff costs accounted for a significant portion of our cost of sales, we believe that controlling and reducing our labor costs is crucial for us to maintain and improve our profit margins as well as other operating costs.

We face pressure from rising labor costs due to various factors, including but not limited to:

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Higher minimum wages. The minimum wage in certain jurisdictions where we operate may continue to increase, which has a direct impact on our labor costs; and

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Increase in headcount. As we expand our operations, the headcount of our employees may increase. We may also need to retain and continuously recruit qualified employees to meet our growing demand for talent, which might further increase our total headcount. Any increases in headcount would also increase our costs in relation to, among other things, recruiting, salaries, training and employee benefits.

For example, in the United States, many of our restaurant team members are paid hourly rates subject to federal, state or local minimum wage requirements. Numerous state and local governments have their own minimum wage and other regulatory requirements for employees that are generally greater than the federal minimum wage and are subject to annual increases based on changes in local consumer price indices. Although we have experienced general labor cost inflation, we have focused on productivity and cost management initiatives to minimize the financial impact. We cannot assure you that we will be able to control our labor costs or improve our efficiency. Any failure in effectively controlling our labor costs may have a material and adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.

We have recognized, and may continue to recognize impairment losses for property, plant and equipment and right of-use assets.

In 2021 and 2022, we recognized net impairment losses in respect of property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets of US$63.1 million and US$7.8 million respectively, due to the uncertain future prospects of certain restaurants at the end of each year taking into account the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2023, we recognized net impairment reversals in respect of property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets of US$7.6 million, as we continue to recover and grow our business following the pandemic. Nevertheless, we may continue to recognize impairment losses for property, plant and equipment and right-of-use assets in the future as we are actively expanding our restaurant network and the performance of certain restaurants may not meet our expectation. If we continue to recognize impairment losses for property,

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plant and equipment and right-of-use assets, our financial condition and results of operations may be materially and adversely affected.

We may need to obtain substantial financing for our operations. If we fail to obtain sufficient funding, our growth may be adversely affected.

In 2021, 2022 and 2023, our net cash generated from operating activities amounted to US$4.4 million, US$68.3 million and US$114.0 million, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will be able to continue generating positive cash flows from operating activities in the future. Our liquidity and financial condition may be materially and adversely affected by negative net cash flows, and we cannot assure you that we will have sufficient cash from other sources to fund our operations. The cost of continuing operations could reduce our cash position, and any increase in our net cash outflow from operating activities could adversely affect our operations by reducing the amount of cash available to meet the cash needs for operating our business and to fund our business expansion.

We primarily fund our operations, expansion and capital expenditures through cash generated from our operations and net proceeds we received from this Offering. As our business scale grows, we may require additional cash resources to finance our continued growth or other future developments, including any investments we may decide to pursue. The amount and timing of such additional financing needs will vary depending on the timing of our new restaurant openings, investments in new restaurants and the amount of cash flow from our operations. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and finance costs and could result in operating and financing covenants that may, among other things, restrict our operations or our ability to pay dividends. Servicing such debt obligations could also be burdensome to our operations. If we fail to service the debt obligations or are unable to comply with such debt covenants, we could be in default under the relevant debt obligations and our liquidity and financial conditions may be materially and adversely affected.

Share-based compensation expenses may cause shareholding dilution to our existing shareholders and potentially have a material and adverse effect on our financial performance.

We have adopted the Share Award Scheme to grant share awards to provide incentives or rewards to eligible participants for their contribution to us. The adoption of the Share Award Scheme may result us to incur share-based compensation expenses in the future. To further incentivize our employees to contribute to us, we may grant additional share-based compensation in the future. Issuance of additional Shares with respect to such share-based payment may dilute the shareholding percentage of our existing shareholders. Expenses incurred with respect to such share-based compensation may also have a material and adverse effect on our financial performance.

We may not be able to collect all of our trade and other receivables and thus are exposed to credit risk.

Our trade and other receivables primarily receivables from credit card networks, food delivery platforms and payment platforms, as well as interest receivable and others. At the end of each year or period, we assess whether the credit risk of a financial instrument has increased significantly since its initial recognition. When making the assessment, we compare the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as of the reporting date with the risk of a default occurring on the financial instrument as of the date of initial recognition and consider reasonable and supportive forward-looking information. We cannot assure you that we will be able to collect our trade and other receivables in full, or at all, in the future, despite our efforts to conduct credit assessment on them.

Our indebtedness could materially and adversely affect our business, financial conditions and results of operations.

As of December 31, 2023, our total indebtedness was US$202.9 million, which consisted of our lease liabilities. This indebtedness is primarily used to support our daily operations and expansion plan. We intend to repay such indebtedness with cash flows from operations and our cash and cash equivalents. However, we may continue to incur debt to fund our daily operations and to pursue our expansion plans. This indebtedness could have important consequences for our business and operations including, but not limited to:

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limiting or impairing our ability to obtain financing, refinance any of our indebtedness, obtain equity or debt financing on commercially reasonable terms or at all, which could cause us to default on our obligations and materially impair our liquidity;

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restricting or impeding our ability to access capital markets at attractive rates and increasing the cost of future borrowings;

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reducing our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions or to take advantage of business opportunities that may arise;

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requiring us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments of principal and interest on our indebtedness, thereby reducing the availability of our cash flow for other purposes;

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placing us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors that have lower leverage or better access to capital resources;

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limiting our ability to dispose of assets that secure our indebtedness or utilize the proceeds of such dispositions and, upon an event of default under any such secured indebtedness, allowing the lenders thereunder to foreclose upon our assets pledged as collateral; and

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increasing our vulnerability to downturns in general economic or industry conditions, or in our business.

Risks Related to Our ADSs and This Offering

An active trading market for the ADSs may not develop and the trading price for the ADSs may fluctuate significantly.

The ADSs will be traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market. Prior to the completion of this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs, and we cannot assure you that a liquid public market for the ADSs will develop. If an active public market for the ADSs does not develop following the completion of this offering, the market price and liquidity of the ADSs may be materially and adversely affected. The initial public offering price for the ADSs was determined by negotiation between us and the underwriters based upon several factors, and we can provide no assurance that the trading price of the ADSs after this offering will not decline below the initial public offering price. As a result, investors in our securities may experience a significant decrease in the value of their ADSs.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile, which could result in substantial losses to investors.

The trading price of the ADSs is likely to be volatile and could fluctuate widely due to factors beyond our control. This may happen because of broad market and industry factors, including the performance and fluctuation of the market prices of other cuisine brands that have listed their securities in the United States. In addition to market and industry factors, the price and trading volume for the ADSs may be highly volatile for factors specific to our own operations, including the following:

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variations in our quarterly or annual revenue, earnings and cash flow;

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announcements of new investments, acquisitions, strategic partnerships or joint ventures by us or our competitors;

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announcements of new restaurant openings, launch of menu dishes or service types by us or our competitors;

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changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;

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detrimental adverse publicity about us our restaurants or the industry in which we operate;

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additions or departures of key personnel;

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release of lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding equity securities or sales of additional equity securities; and

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potential litigation or regulatory investigations.

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Any of these factors may result in large and sudden changes in the volume and price at which the ADSs will trade.

In the past, shareholders of public companies have often brought securities class action suits against those companies following periods of instability in the market price of their securities. If we were involved in a class action suit, it could divert a significant amount of our management’s attention and other resources from our business and operations and require us to incur significant expenses to defend the suit, which could harm our results of operations. Any such class action suit, whether or not successful, could harm our reputation and restrict our ability to raise capital in the future. In addition, if a claim is successfully made against us, we may be required to pay significant damages, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Since there will be a gap between pricing and trading of our ADSs, the price of our ordinary shares traded on the HKEx may fall during this period and could result in a fall in the price of our ADSs to be traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

There will be a gap between pricing and trading of our ADSs. As a result, investors may not be able to sell or otherwise deal in our ADSs during that period. Accordingly, holders of our ADSs are subject to the risk that the trading price of our ADSs could fall when trading commences as a result of adverse market conditions or other adverse developments that could occur between the pricing and the time trading begins. In particular, as our ordinary shares will continue to be traded on the HKEx and their price can be volatile, any fall in the price of our ordinary shares may result in a fall in the price of our ADSs to be traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

The time required for the exchange between our ordinary shares and ADSs might be longer than expected and investors might not be able to settle or effect any sale of their securities during this period, and the exchange between our ordinary shares and ADSs involves costs.

There is no direct trading or settlement between the Nasdaq Stock Market and the HKEx on which our ADSs and our ordinary shares are respectively traded. In addition, the time differences between New York and Hong Kong, unforeseen market circumstances, or other factors may delay the deposit of ordinary shares in exchange for the ADSs or the withdrawal of ordinary shares underlying the ADSs. Investors will be prevented from settling or effecting the sale of their securities during such periods of delay. In addition, we cannot assure you that any exchange for ordinary shares into ADSs (and vice versa) will be completed in accordance with the timelines that investors may anticipate.

Furthermore, the depositary for the ADSs is entitled to charge holders fees for various services including for the issuance of ADSs upon deposit of ordinary shares, cancelation of ADSs, distributions of cash dividends or other cash distributions, distributions of ADSs pursuant to share dividends or other free share distributions, distributions of securities other than ADSs, and annual service fees. As a result, shareholders who exchange ordinary shares into ADSs, and vice versa, may not achieve the level of economic return the shareholders may anticipate.

Exchange between our ordinary shares and ADSs may adversely affect the liquidity or trading price of each other.

Our ordinary shares are currently listed and traded on the HKEx. Subject to compliance with U.S. securities laws and the terms of the deposit agreement, holders of our ordinary shares may deposit ordinary shares with the depositary in exchange for the issuance of the ADSs. Any holder of ADSs may also withdraw the underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs pursuant to the terms of the depositary agreement for trading on the HKEx. In the event that a substantial number of ordinary shares are deposited with the depositary in exchange for ADSs or vice versa, the liquidity and trading price of our ADSs on the Nasdaq Stock Market and the ordinary shares on the HKEx may be adversely affected.

The characteristics of the U.S. capital markets and the HKEx are different, which may negatively affect the trading prices of our ordinary shares and/or ADSs.

The Nasdaq Stock Market and the HKEx have different trading hours, trading characteristics (including trading volume and liquidity), trading rules, listing rules, regulatory requirements, and investor

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bases (including different levels of retail and institutional participation). As a result of these differences, the trading prices of our ADSs and ordinary shares representing them might not be the same, even allowing for currency differences. Fluctuations in the price of the ordinary shares due to circumstances peculiar to the HKEx could materially and adversely affect the price of the ADSs. Because of the different characteristics of the U.S. and Hong Kong equity markets, the historic market prices of our ordinary shares may not be indicative of the performance of our ADSs after this offering.

Our largest shareholder has substantial influence over our company and his interests may not be aligned with the interests of our other shareholders and ADS holders.

As of the date of this prospectus, entities controlled by Mr. Yong Zhang collectively owns 47.64% of our outstanding shares. Mr. Yong Zhang is the spouse of Ms. Ping Shu, our director and chairman of the board of directors. Mr. Yong Zhang and Ms. Ping Shu are co-founders of HDL Group. As the largest shareholder of our company, Mr. Yong Zhang has substantial influence over our business, including matters relating to our management, policies and decisions regarding acquisitions, mergers, expansion plans, consolidations and sales of all or substantially all of our assets, election of directors and other significant corporate actions. This concentration of ownership may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of us, which could deprive other shareholders or ADS holders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their ADSs or shares as part of a sale of our company and might reduce the price of our ADSs or shares. These events may occur even if they are opposed by our other shareholders. In addition, the interests of Mr. Yong Zhang may differ from the interests of our other shareholders and ADS holders, and it is possible that Mr. Yong Zhang may exercise substantial influence over us and cause us to enter into transactions or take, or fail to take, actions or make decisions that conflict with the best interests of our other shareholders and ADS holders.

The voting rights of holders of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement, and you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted.

Holders of ADSs do not have the same rights as our registered shareholders. As a holder of ADSs, you will not have any direct right to attend general meetings of our shareholders or to cast any votes at such meetings. You will only be able to exercise the voting rights attached to the ordinary shares underlying your ADSs indirectly by giving voting instructions to the depositary in accordance with the provisions of the deposit agreement. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, then upon receipt of your voting instructions, the depositary will try, as far as is practicable, to vote the underlying ordinary shares represented by your ADSs in accordance with your instructions. You will not be able to directly exercise your right to vote with respect to the underlying ordinary shares unless you cancel and withdraw the shares and become the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date for the general meeting.

When a general meeting is convened, you may not receive sufficient advance notice of the meeting to withdraw the ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and become the registered holder of such shares to allow you to attend the general meeting and to vote directly with respect to any specific matter or resolution to be considered and voted upon at the general meeting. In addition, under our articles of association, for the purposes of determining those shareholders who are entitled to attend and vote at any general meeting, our directors may close our register of members and/or fix in advance a record date for such meeting, and such closure of our register of members or the setting of such a record date may prevent you from withdrawing the underlying ordinary shares represented by your ADSs and from becoming the registered holder of such shares prior to the record date, so that you would not be able to attend the general meeting or to vote directly. Where any matter is to be put to a vote at a general meeting, upon our instruction the depositary will notify you of the upcoming vote and will arrange to deliver our voting materials to you. We cannot assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote the underlying ordinary shares represented by your ADSs.

In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for their manner of carrying out your voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to direct how the underlying ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are voted and you may have no legal remedy if the underlying ordinary shares represented by your ADSs are not voted as you requested. In addition, in your capacity as an ADS holder, you will not be able to call a shareholders’ meeting.

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The depositary for the ADSs will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at general meetings if you do not give voting instructions to the depositary, except in limited circumstances, which could adversely affect your interests.

Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will give us a discretionary proxy to vote our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs at shareholders’ meetings if you do not give voting instructions to the depositary, unless:

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we have failed to timely provide the depositary with our notice of meeting and related voting materials;

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we have instructed the depositary that we do not wish a discretionary proxy to be given;

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we have informed the depositary that there is substantial opposition as to a matter to be voted on at the meeting;

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a matter to be voted on at the meeting would have a material adverse impact on shareholders; or

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voting at the meeting is made on a show of hands.

The effect of this discretionary proxy is that, if you fail to give voting instructions to the depositary, you cannot prevent our ordinary shares underlying your ADSs from being voted, absent the situations described above, and it may make it more difficult for shareholders to influence our management. Holders of our ordinary shares are not subject to this discretionary proxy.

Substantial future sales or perceived potential sales of the ADSs, ordinary shares or other equity securities in the public market could cause the price of the ADSs to decline significantly.

Sales of substantial amounts of the ADSs in the public market after the completion of this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the ADSs and could materially impair our ability to raise capital through equity offerings in the future. The ADSs sold in this offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, and all other ordinary shares held by our existing shareholders may also be sold in the public market in the future subject to the restrictions in Rule 144 and Rule 701 under the Securities Act and the applicable lock-up agreements. There will be ADSs (representing ordinary shares) outstanding immediately upon the completion of this offering, or ADSs (representing ordinary shares) if the underwriters exercise their option in full to purchase additional ADSs. In connection with this offering, [we, our directors, executive officers and certain shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of any ADSs, ordinary shares or similar securities or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for ordinary shares or ADSs, for a period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions.] However, the underwriters may release these securities from these restrictions at any time, subject to applicable regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority. We cannot predict what effect, if any, market sales of securities held by our significant shareholders or any other shareholder or the availability of these securities for future sale will have on the market price of the ADSs and our ordinary shares. See “Underwriting” and “Shares Eligible for Future Sale” for a more detailed description of the restrictions on selling our securities after this offering.

After completion of this offering, certain holders of our ordinary shares may cause us to register under the Securities Act the sale of their shares, subject to the 180-day lock-up period in connection with this offering. Registration of these shares under the Securities Act would result in ADSs representing these shares becoming freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act immediately upon the effectiveness of the registration. Sales of these registered shares in the form of ADSs in the public market could cause the price of our ADSs and ordinary shares to decline.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they adversely change their recommendations regarding our ADSs and ordinary shares, the market price for our ADSs or ordinary shares and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our ADSs will be influenced by research or reports that industry or securities analysts publish about our business. If one or more analysts who cover us downgrade our ADSs or ordinary

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shares, the market price for our ADSs or ordinary shares would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease to cover us or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which in turn could cause the market price or trading volume for our ADSs or ordinary shares to decline.

There can be no assurance that we will pay dividends and you must rely on price appreciation of the ADSs for return on your investment.

Pursuant to our articles of association, (i) any future declarations and payments of dividends (other than interim dividends) will be at the recommendation of our board at its absolute discretion for approval by our shareholders at a general meeting; and (ii) interim dividends may be paid by our board if justified by the profits of our company. We cannot guarantee when and in what form dividends will be paid. Even if any declaration and payments of dividends are approved by our shareholders at a general meeting, the timing, amount and form of future dividends, if any, will depend on our future results of operations and cash flow, our capital requirements and surplus, the amount of distributions, if any, received by us from our subsidiaries, our financial condition, contractual restrictions and other factors deemed relevant by our board. Accordingly, the return on your investment in the ADSs will likely depend entirely upon any future price appreciation of the ADS. There is no guarantee that the ADSs will appreciate in value after this offering or even maintain the price at which you purchased the ADSs. You may not realize a return on your investment in the ADSs and you may even lose your entire investment in the ADSs.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds of this offering, and our management will have considerable discretion in deciding how to apply these proceeds. You will not have the opportunity to assess whether the proceeds are being used appropriately before you make your investment decision. You must rely on the judgment and discretion of our management regarding the application of a portion of the net proceeds of this offering. We cannot assure you that the net proceeds will be used in a manner that would improve our results of operations or increase the ADS price or ordinary share price, nor that these net proceeds will be placed only in investments that generate income or appreciate in value.

There can be no assurance that we will not be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for U.S. federal income tax purposes for any taxable year, which could result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. Holders of our ADSs or ordinary shares.

A non-U.S. corporation, such as SUPER HI INTERNATIONAL HOLDING LTD., will be classified as a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for United States federal income tax purposes for any taxable year if, after applying applicable look-through rules, either (i) at least 75% of its gross income for such year is passive income; or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (determined based on a quarterly average) during such year is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”).

For this purpose, passive income generally includes dividends, interest, royalties and rents (other than certain royalties and rents derived in the active conduct of a trade or business and not derived from a related person). In addition, we will be treated as owning a proportionate share of the assets and earning a proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, 25% or more (by value) of the stock.

Based on the historical, current and anticipated value of our assets, the composition of our income and assets and the expected price of the ADSs in this offering, we do not expect to be a PFIC for our taxable year ending December 31, 2023. However, the determination of PFIC status is based on an annual determination that cannot be made until the close of a taxable year, involves extensive factual investigation, including ascertaining the fair market value of all our assets on a quarterly basis and the character of each item of income that we earn, and is subject to uncertainty in several respects. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we will not be treated as a PFIC for our taxable year ending December 31, 2023, or for any future taxable year or that the United States Internal Revenue Service will not take a contrary position.

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Changes in the composition of our income or composition of our assets may cause us to become a PFIC. The determination of whether we will be a PFIC for any taxable year may depend in part upon the value of our goodwill not reflected on our balance sheet (which may depend upon the market value of the ADSs from time to time, which may be volatile) and also may be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend our liquid assets and the cash raised in this offering. It is also possible that the United States Internal Revenue Service may challenge our classification or valuation of our goodwill, which may result in our being or becoming a PFIC for the current or one or more future taxable years.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which a U.S. Holder (as defined in “Taxation — United States Federal Income Tax Considerations”) holds our ADSs or our ordinary shares in the offering, certain adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences could apply to such U.S. Holder. See “Taxation — United States Federal Income Tax Considerations — Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

Our articles of association contain anti-takeover provisions, which could have a material adverse effect on the rights of holders of our ordinary shares and the ADSs.

Some provisions of our articles of association may discourage, delay or prevent a change of control of our company or management that shareholders may consider favorable. These provisions could have the effect of depriving our shareholders of an opportunity to sell their shares at a premium over prevailing market prices by discouraging third parties from seeking to obtain control of us in a tender offer or similar transaction. For example, subject to the applicable listing rules of the HKEx, only one-third of the board of directors is up for election during each annual general meeting.

You may face difficulties in protecting your interests, and your ability to protect your rights through U.S. courts may be limited because we are incorporated under Cayman Islands law, we conduct the majority of our operations, and all of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States.

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands with business operations in multiple jurisdictions through various subsidiaries. All of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States, and the majority of our assets and the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. The rights of shareholders to take action against the directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from the common law of England, the decisions of whose courts are of persuasive authority, but are not binding, on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary duties of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws than the United States. Some U.S. states, such as Delaware, have more fully developed and judicially interpreted bodies of corporate law than the Cayman Islands. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to initiate a shareholder derivative action in a federal court of the United States.

Shareholders of Cayman Islands exempted companies like us have no general rights under Cayman Islands law to inspect corporate records or to obtain copies of lists of shareholders of these companies. Save with respect to our company’s register of members, which, in accordance with our articles of association, will be made available to our Shareholders for inspection, our directors have discretion under our articles of association to determine whether or not, and under what conditions, our corporate records may be inspected by our shareholders, but are not obliged to make them available to our shareholders. This may make it more difficult for you to obtain the information needed to establish any facts necessary for a shareholder motion or to solicit proxies from other shareholders in connection with a proxy contest.

Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, differ significantly from requirements for companies incorporated in other jurisdictions such as the United States. To the extent we choose to follow home country practice with respect to corporate governance matters, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they otherwise would under rules and regulations applicable to U.S. domestic issuers.

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As a result of all of the above, our public shareholders may have more difficulty in protecting their interests in the face of actions taken by management, members of the board of directors or controlling shareholders than they would as public shareholders of a company incorporated in the United States. For a discussion of significant difference between the provisions of the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the United States and their shareholders, see “Description of Share Capital — Differences in Corporate Law.”

ADS holders may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to claims arising under the deposit agreement, which could result in less favorable outcomes to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

The deposit agreement governing the ADSs representing our ordinary shares provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, ADS holders, including purchasers of ADSs in secondary transactions, waive the right to a jury trial of any claim they may have against us or the depositary arising out of or relating to our shares, the ADSs or the deposit agreement, including any claim under the U.S. federal securities laws.

If we or the depositary opposed a jury trial demand based on the waiver, the court would determine whether the waiver was enforceable based on the facts and circumstances of that case in accordance with the applicable state and federal law. To our knowledge, the enforceability of a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver in connection with claims arising under the federal securities laws has not been finally adjudicated by the United States Supreme Court. However, we believe that a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision is generally enforceable, including under the laws of the State of New York, which govern the deposit agreement, by a federal or state court in the City of New York, which has nonexclusive jurisdiction over matters arising under the deposit agreement. In determining whether to enforce a contractual pre-dispute jury trial waiver provision, courts will generally consider whether a party knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waive the right to a jury trial. We believe that this is the case with respect to the deposit agreement and the ADSs. It is advisable that you consult legal counsel regarding the jury waiver provision before entering into the deposit agreement. In addition, you should note that the jury trial waiver provision may limit access to information and lead to other imbalances of resources between our company and our shareholders, and such provision may limit our shareholders’ ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that they find favorable.

If you or any other holders or beneficial owners of ADSs bring a claim against us or the depositary in connection with matters arising under the deposit agreement or the ADSs, including claims under federal securities laws, you or such other holder or beneficial owner may not be entitled to a jury trial with respect to such claims, which may have the effect of limiting and discouraging lawsuits against us or the depositary, lead to increased costs to bring a claim, limited access to information and other imbalances of resources between such holder and us, or limit such holder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that such holder finds favorable. If a lawsuit is brought against us or the depositary under the deposit agreement, it may be heard only by a judge or justice of the applicable trial court, which would be conducted according to different civil procedures and may result in different outcomes than a trial by jury would have had, including results that could be less favorable to the plaintiff(s) in any such action.

Nevertheless, if this jury trial waiver provision is not permitted by applicable law, an action could proceed under the terms of the deposit agreement with a jury trial. No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs shall relieve us or the depositary from our respective obligations to comply with the Securities Act and the Exchange Act nor serve as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs of compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.

Certain judgments obtained against us by our shareholders may not be enforceable.

We are a Cayman Islands company, and the majority of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, all of our directors and executive officers reside outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to bring an action against us or against these individuals in the United States in the event that you believe that your rights have been infringed under the U.S. federal securities laws or otherwise. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, the laws of the Cayman Islands and of the jurisdiction other than the United States in which we operate may render you unable to

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enforce a judgment against our assets or the assets of our directors and executive officers. For more information, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

Your rights to pursue claims against the depositary as a holder of ADSs are limited by the terms of the deposit agreement.

Under the deposit agreement, any action or proceeding against or involving the depositary, arising out of or based upon the deposit agreement or the transactions contemplated thereby or by virtue of owning the ADSs may only be instituted in a state or federal court in the City of New York, and you, as a holder of our ADSs, will have irrevocably waived any objection which you may have to the laying of venue of any such proceeding, and irrevocably submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of such courts in any such action or proceeding. The choice of forum provision of the deposit agreement applies to actions arising under the Securities Act or Exchange Act. The enforceability of similar choice of forum provisions has been challenged in legal proceedings. It is possible that a court could find this type of provisions to be inapplicable or unenforceable. To the extent that any claims may be based upon federal law claims, Section 27 of the Exchange Act creates exclusive federal jurisdiction over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Furthermore, Section 22 of the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. Holders of our ADSs will not be deemed to have waived our or the depositary’s compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the regulations promulgated thereunder. In fact, holders of our ADSs cannot waive our or the depositary’s compliance with U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In addition, the choice of forum provision may increase costs to bring a claim, discourage claims or limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with our company or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against our company or our directors, officers and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions.

No condition, stipulation or provision of the deposit agreement or ADSs serves as a waiver by any holder or beneficial owner of ADSs, by us or the depositary of compliance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. As a result of these exclusive jurisdiction provisions, investors’ ability to bring claims in a judicial forum that they find favorable or convenient may be limited, and investors may have to incur increased costs in order to bring claims against the depositary, both of which could discourage claims against the depositary.

You may experience difficulties in effecting service of legal process, enforcing foreign judgments or bringing actions in China against our management that resides in mainland China based on foreign laws.

China does not have treaties providing for the reciprocal recognition and enforcement of judgments of courts with the Cayman Islands and many other countries and regions. One executive officer of our company, our financial director and board secretary Cong Qu currently resides in mainland China. Even if you are successful in bringing an action of this kind, you may encounter difficulties in enforcing a judgment against the assets of such officer. For more information regarding the relevant PRC laws, see “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

Because our initial public offering price is substantially higher than our net tangible book value per share, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution.

If you purchase ADSs in this offering, you will pay more for your ADSs than the amount paid by our existing shareholders for their ordinary shares on a per ADS basis. As a result, you will experience immediate and substantial dilution of approximately US$ per ADS. See “Dilution” for a more complete description of how the value of your investment in ADSs will be diluted upon the completion of this offering.

You may not receive cash dividends if the depositary decides it is impractical to make them available to you.

The depositary will pay cash distributions on the ADSs only to the extent that we decide to distribute dividends on our ordinary shares. To the extent that there is a distribution, the depositary has agreed to pay

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you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute such property to you.

You may be subject to limitations on the transfer of your ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. The depositary may close its books from time to time for a number of reasons, including in connection with corporate events such as a rights offering, during which time the depositary needs to maintain an exact number of ADSs on its books for a specified period. The depositary may also close its books in emergencies, and on weekends and public holidays. The depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our share register or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary thinks it is advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the deposit agreement, or for any other reason.

You may experience dilution of your holdings due to an inability to participate in rights offerings.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. Under the deposit agreement for the ADSs, the depositary will not offer those rights to ADS holders unless both the rights and the underlying securities to be distributed to ADS holders are either registered under the Securities Act or exempt from registration under the Securities Act with respect to all holders of ADSs. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or underlying securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. In addition, we may not be able to take advantage of any exemptions from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, holders of the ADSs may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in their holdings as a result.

Techniques employed by short sellers may drive down the market price of the ADSs.

Short selling is the practice of selling securities that the seller does not own but rather has borrowed from a third party with the intention of buying identical securities back at a later date to return to the lender. The short seller hopes to profit from a decline in the value of the securities between the sale of the borrowed securities and the purchase of the replacement shares, as the short seller expects to pay less in that purchase than it received in the sale. As it is in the short seller’s interest for the price of the security to decline, many short sellers publish, or arrange for the publication of, negative opinions regarding the relevant issuer and its business prospects in order to create negative market momentum and generate profits for themselves after selling a security short. These short attacks have, in the past, led to selling of shares in the market.

It is not clear what effect such negative publicity could have on us. If we were to become the subject of any unfavorable allegations, whether such allegations are proven to be true or untrue, we could have to expend a significant amount of resources to investigate such allegations and/or defend ourselves. While we would strongly defend against any such short seller attacks, we may be constrained in the manner in which we can proceed against the relevant short seller by principles of freedom of speech, applicable state law or issues of commercial confidentiality. Such a situation could be costly and time-consuming and could distract our management from growing our business. Even if such allegations are ultimately proven to be groundless, allegations against us could severely impact our business operations, and any investment in the ADSs could be greatly reduced or even rendered worthless.

We are a foreign private issuer within the meaning of the rules under the Exchange Act, and as such we are exempt from certain provisions applicable to domestic public companies in the United States.

Because we are a foreign private issuer under the Exchange Act, we are exempt from certain provisions of the securities rules and regulations in the United States that are applicable to U.S. domestic issuers,

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including: (i) the rules under the Exchange Act requiring the filing of quarterly reports on Form 10-Q or current reports on Form 8-K with the SEC; (ii) the sections of the Exchange Act regulating the solicitation of proxies, consents, or authorizations in respect of a security registered under the Exchange Act; (iii) the sections of the Exchange Act requiring insiders to file public reports of their stock ownership and trading activities and liability for insiders who profit from trades made in a short period of time; and (iv) the selective disclosure rules by issuers of material nonpublic information under Regulation FD. We will be required to file an annual report on Form 20-F within four months of the end of each fiscal year. In addition, we intend to publish our results on a quarterly basis through press releases distributed pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Nasdaq Stock Market. Press releases relating to financial results and material events will also be furnished to the SEC on Form 6-K. However, the information we are required to file with or furnish to the SEC will be less extensive and less timely compared to that required to be filed with the SEC by U.S. domestic issuers. As a result, you may not be afforded the same protections or information, which would be made available to you, were you investing in a U.S. domestic issuer.

We have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. This material weakness could continue to adversely affect our ability to report our results of operations and financial condition accurately and in a timely manner. If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls to remediate our material weaknesses over financial reporting, we may be unable to accurately report our results of operations, meet our reporting obligations or prevent fraud, and investor confidence in our company and the market price of the ADSs may be negatively impacted.

Upon the completion of this offering, we will become subject to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we include a report from management on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in our second annual report on Form 20-F after we become a public company in the United States. During the audit of our consolidated financial statements for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, we have identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting. Under standards established by the PCAOB, a “material weakness” is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The material weakness that has been identified relates to our lack of sufficient accounting and financial reporting personnel with requisite knowledge and comprehensive accounting and reporting policies and procedures relating to the application and compliance with SEC rules and regulations. We and our independent registered public accounting firm were not required to perform an evaluation of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 in accordance with the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that we have identified all, or that we will not in the future have additional, material weaknesses.

We are in the process of implementing a number of measures to address the material weakness that have been identified including: (i) hiring additional accounting and financial reporting personnel with SEC reporting experience, (ii) expanding the capabilities of existing accounting and financial reporting personnel through continuous training and education in the accounting and reporting requirements under SEC rules and regulations, as well as International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS Accounting Standards, and (iii) establishing effective monitoring and oversight controls for non-recurring and complex transactions to ensure the accuracy and completeness of our company’s consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. At this time, we cannot predict when our efforts to remediate the identified material weakness will be successful and cannot estimate any associated material costs. While we believe these measures will remediate the material weakness identified, we may not be able to complete the remediation in a timely fashion. There can be no assurances that the measures taken to date and/or actions that may be taken in the future, will be sufficient to remediate the control deficiencies that led to our material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting or that they will prevent or avoid potential future material weaknesses.

The presence of a material weakness could result in financial statement errors which, in turn, could lead to errors in our financial reports or delays in our financial reporting, which could require us to restate our operating results or result in our auditors issuing a qualified audit report. In order to establish and maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal controls over financial reporting, we will need to expend significant resources and provide significant management oversight. Developing, implementing and testing changes to our internal controls may require specific compliance training of our

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directors and employees, entail substantial costs in order to modify our existing accounting systems, take a significant period of time to complete and divert management’s attention from other business concerns. These changes may not, however, be effective in establishing and maintaining adequate internal controls.

If either we are unable to conclude that we have effective internal controls over financial reporting or our independent auditors are unwilling or unable to provide us with an unqualified report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as required by Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, investors may lose confidence in our operating results, the price of the ADSs could decline and we may be subject to litigation or regulatory enforcement actions. In addition, if we are unable to meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, we may not be able to remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market.

As an exempted company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we are permitted to adopt certain home country practices in relation to corporate governance matters that differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market’s corporate governance requirements; these practices may afford less protection to shareholders than they would enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Stock Market’s corporate governance requirements.

As a Cayman Islands company listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we are subject to the Nasdaq Stock Market’s corporate governance requirements. However, the Nasdaq Stock Market rules permit a foreign private issuer like us to follow the corporate governance practices of its home country. Certain corporate governance practices in the Cayman Islands, which is our home country, may differ significantly from the Nasdaq Stock Market corporate governance requirements. For example, neither the Companies Act (As Revised) of the Cayman Islands nor our articles of association requires a majority of our directors to be independent and we could include non-independent directors as members of our nomination committee and renumeration committee, and our independent directors would not necessarily hold regularly scheduled meetings at which only independent directors are present. We are permitted to elect to rely on home country practice to be exempted from the corporate governance requirements. If we choose to follow home country practice in the future, our shareholders may be afforded less protection than they would otherwise enjoy if we complied fully with the Nasdaq Stock Market listing standards.

We are an emerging growth company within the meaning of the Securities Act and may take advantage of certain reduced reporting requirements.

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the U.S. Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we may take advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements applicable to other public companies that are not emerging growth companies including, most significantly, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for so long as we are an emerging growth company. As a result, if we elect not to comply with such auditor attestation requirements, our investors may not have access to certain information they may deem important.

We will incur increased costs as a result of being a public company in the United States, particularly after we cease to qualify as an “emerging growth company.”

We expect to incur additional significant legal, accounting and other expenses after becoming a public company in the United States. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as rules subsequently implemented by the SEC and the Nasdaq Stock Market, impose various requirements on the corporate governance practices of public companies. For example, as a result of becoming a public company, we will need to increase the number of independent directors and adopt policies regarding internal controls and disclosure controls and procedures. We also expect that operating as a public company will make it more difficult and more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage. In addition, we will incur additional costs associated with our public company reporting requirements. It may also be more difficult for us to find qualified persons to serve on our board of directors or as executive officers. We are currently evaluating and monitoring developments with respect to these rules and regulations, and we cannot predict or estimate with any degree of certainty the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.

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As a company with less than US$1.235 billion in revenue for our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the JOBS Act. An emerging growth company may take advantage of specified reduced reporting and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies. These provisions include exemption from the auditor attestation requirement under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in the assessment of the emerging growth company’s internal control over financial reporting.

We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of (a) the last day of the fiscal year during which we have total annual gross revenue of at least US$1.235 billion; (b) the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the completion of this offering; (c) the date on which we have, during the preceding three-year period, issued more than US$1 billion in non-convertible debt; or (d) the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the Exchange Act, which would occur if the market value of the ADSs that are held by non-affiliates exceeds US$700 million as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter. After we are no longer an emerging growth company, we expect to incur significant expenses and devote substantial management effort toward ensuring compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the other rules and regulations of the SEC.

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements that reflect our current expectations and views of future events. The forward-looking statements are contained principally in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business.” Known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, including those listed under “Risk Factors,” may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements.

You can identify some of these forward-looking statements by words or phrases such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “aim,” “estimate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “is/are likely to,” “potential,” “continue” or other similar expressions. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy and financial needs. These forward-looking statements include statements relating to:

•

our operations and business prospects;

•

future developments, trends and conditions in the industry and markets in which we operate;

•

our strategies, plans, objectives and goals and our ability to successfully implement these strategies, plans, objectives and goals;

•

our ability to maintain an effective food safety and quality control system;

•

our ability to continue to maintain our leadership position in the industry and markets in which we operate;

•

our dividend policy;

•

our capital expenditure plans;

•

our expansion plans;

•

our future debt levels and capital needs;

•

our expectation regarding the use of proceeds from this offering;

•

our expectations regarding the effectiveness of our marketing initiatives and the relationship with our third-party partners;

•

our ability to recruit and retain qualified personnel;

•

relevant government policies and regulations relating to our industry;

•

our ability to protect our systems and infrastructures from cyber-attacks;

•

general economic and business conditions globally; and

•

assumptions underlying or related to any of the foregoing.

These forward-looking statements involve various risks and uncertainties. Although we believe that our expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, our expectations may later be found to be incorrect. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations. Important risks and factors that could cause our actual results to be materially different from our expectations are generally set forth in “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Business,” “Regulation” and other sections in this prospectus. You should read thoroughly this prospectus and the documents that we refer to with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from and worse than what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

This prospectus contains certain data and information that we obtained from various government and private publications. Statistical data in these publications also include projections based on a number of assumptions. Our industry may not grow at the rate projected by market data, or at all. Failure of this market to grow at the projected rate may have a material and adverse effect on our business and the market price

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of the ADSs. In addition, the rapidly evolving nature of this industry results in significant uncertainties for any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market. Furthermore, if any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data are later found to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events or information as of the date on which the statements are made in this prospectus. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, after the date on which the statements are made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. You should read this prospectus and the documents that we refer to in this prospectus and have filed as exhibits to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, completely and with the understanding that our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from our issuance and sale of ADSs in this offering will be approximately US$ million, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us and assuming the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional ADSs. This estimate assumes an initial public offering price of US$ per ADS, based on the closing price of our ordinary shares and exchange rate set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$ per ADS would increase (decrease) the net proceeds to us from this offering by US$ million, assuming the number of ADSs offered by us, as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, remains the same and after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our ADSs, facilitate greater access to the public equity markets and obtain additional capital. We plan to use the net proceeds of this offering as follows:

•

approximately 70% for strengthening our brand and expanding our restaurant network globally;

•

approximately 10% for investing in our supply chain management capabilities, such as building more central kitchens;

•

approximately 10% for research and development to enhance digitalization and other technologies used in our restaurant management; and

•

approximately 10% for working capital and other general corporate purposes.

The foregoing represents our current intentions based upon our present plans and business conditions to use and allocate the net proceeds of this offering. Our management, however, will have significant flexibility and discretion to apply the net proceeds of this offering. If an unforeseen event occurs or business conditions change, we may use the proceeds of this offering differently than as described in this prospectus. See “Risk Factors — Risks Related to Our ADSs and This Offering — We have not determined a specific use for a portion of the net proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.”

Pending any use described above, we plan to invest the net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing, debt instruments or demand deposits.

For additional information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

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DIVIDEND POLICY

We have never declared or paid dividends on our ordinary shares. We currently expect to retain all future earnings for use in the operation and expansion of our business and do not have any present plan to pay any dividends.

Pursuant to our articles of association, (i) any future declarations and payments of dividends (other than interim dividends) will be at the recommendation of our board at its absolute discretion for approval by our shareholders at a general meeting; and (ii) interim dividends may be paid by our board if justified by the profits of our company. There can be no assurance that we will be able to declare or distribute any dividend in the amount set out in any plan of our board or at all. In addition, as a company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, we may declare and pay a dividend out of profits and/or share premium account, provided always that in no circumstances may a dividend be declared or paid out of share premium if such payment would result in our company being unable to pay its debts as they fall due in the ordinary course of business. If we pay any dividends on our ordinary shares, we will pay those dividends which are payable in respect of the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs to the depositary, as the registered holder of such ordinary shares, and the depositary then will pay such amounts to the ADS holders in proportion to the ordinary shares underlying the ADSs held by such ADS holders, subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends on our ordinary shares, if any, will be paid in U.S. dollars.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of December 31, 2023:

•

on an actual basis; and

•

on a pro-forma basis, after giving effect to the issuance and sale of ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering and the application of net proceeds from this offering described under “Use of Proceeds.”

The information below is illustrative only, and assumes an initial public offering price of US$ per ADS, based on the closing price of our ordinary shares and exchange rate set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us. Our capitalization following this offering will be adjusted based on the actual initial public offering price and other terms of this offering determined at pricing, including the amount by which actual offering expenses are higher or lower than estimated.

The table below should be read in conjunction with the information contained in “Use of Proceeds,” “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

	As of December 31, 2023
	Actual		As adjusted
	(US$ in thousands)
Bank borrowings		—
Lease liabilities		202,945
Total indebtedness		202,945
Shareholders’ equity:
Share capital		3
Shares held under our share award scheme		*
Share premium		494,480
Reserves		(224,397)
Non-controlling interests		2,035
Total shareholders’ equity		272,121
Total capitalization		475,066

Less than US$1,000

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DILUTION

If you invest in our ADSs, your investment will be diluted for each ADS you purchase to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS and our net tangible book value per ADS after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per ordinary share is substantially in excess of the book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our presently outstanding ordinary shares.

As of December 31, 2023, we had a net tangible book value of US$0.44 per ordinary share and US$ per ADS. We calculate net tangible book value per share of our ordinary shares by dividing our total tangible assets less our total liabilities by the number of our outstanding ordinary shares. As adjusted net tangible book value per ordinary share is calculated after giving effect to the issuance of ordinary shares in the form of ADSs by us in this offering. Dilution is determined by subtracting the net tangible book value per ordinary share immediately upon the completion of this offering from the initial public offering price per ordinary share.

Without taking into account any other changes in such net tangible book value after , other than giving effect to the receipt of the estimated net proceeds from our sale of ADSs in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of US$ per ADS (based on an ordinary share to ADS ratio of to one, the closing price of our ordinary shares and exchange rate set forth on the cover page of this prospectus), and the application of the estimated net proceeds therefrom as described under “Use of Proceeds,” our pro-forma, as adjusted net tangible book value at would have been approximately US$ per ordinary share and US$ per ADS. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of US$ per ordinary share and US$ per ADS to existing shareholders and an immediate dilution in net tangible book value of US$ per ordinary share and US$ per ADS to you, or %. The following table illustrates this dilution to new investors purchasing ADSs in the offering:

	Per Ordinary Share	Per ADS
Assumed initial public offering price	US$		US$
Actual net tangible book value as of December 31, 2023	US$0.44		US$
Pro-forma, as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the issuance of ordinary shares in the form of ADSs in this offering	US$		US$
Amount of dilution in net tangible book value to new investors in this offering	US$		US$

A US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of US$ per ADS would increase (decrease) our as adjusted net tangible book value by US$ per ordinary share and US$ per ADS, assuming no change to the number of ADSs offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

The following table summarizes, on a pro forma basis as of December 31, 2023, the differences between our existing shareholders and the new investors in this offering with respect to the number of ordinary shares purchased from us, the total consideration paid to us and the average price per ordinary share and per ADS paid at the assumed initial public offering price of US$ per ADS, without deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. The total number of ordinary shares does not include ordinary shares underlying the ADSs issuable upon the exercise of the option to purchase additional ADSs granted to the underwriters.

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Ordinary Shares
Purchased

Total Consideration

Average Price
Per Ordinary
Share

Average Price
Per ADS

Number

Percent

Amount (in
thousands)

Percent

Existing shareholders

US$

New investors

US$

Total

US$

100.0%

Each US$1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed public offering price of US$ per ADS would increase (decrease) total consideration paid by new investors in this offering by US$ million, total consideration paid by all shareholders by US$ million and average price per ordinary share and per ADS paid by all shareholders by US$ per ordinary share and US$ per ADS, assuming the sale of ADSs by us at the assumed initial public offering price of US$ per ADS, without deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated expenses payable by us.

The pro forma as adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustment based on the actual initial public offering price of our ADSs and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands as an exempted company with limited liability. We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as:

•

political and economic stability;

•

an effective judicial system;

•

a favorable tax system;

•

the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions; and

•

the availability of professional and support services.

However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include but are not limited to:

•

the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and these securities laws provide significantly less protection to investors as compared to the United States; and

•

Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States.

Our constitutional documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders, be arbitrated.

Other than our operations in the United States, the majority of our assets are located outside the United States. In addition, all of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and substantially all of their assets are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible for you to effect service of process within the United States upon us or these persons, or to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts against us or them, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. It may also be difficult for you to enforce judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our executive officers and directors.

We have appointed Cogency Global Inc. as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with this offering under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any State in the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York in connection with this offering under the securities laws of the State of New York.

Cayman Islands

Conyers Dill & Pearman, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands would (1) recognize or enforce judgments of U.S. courts obtained against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States, or (2) entertain original actions brought in the Cayman Islands against us or our directors or officers that are predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States or the securities laws of any state in the United States.

Conyers Dill & Pearman has informed us that the uncertainty with regard to Cayman Islands law relates to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the securities law will be determined by the courts of the Cayman Islands as penal or punitive in nature. The courts of the Cayman Islands may not recognize or enforce such judgments against a Cayman company, and because such a determination has not yet been made by a court of the Cayman Islands, it is uncertain whether such civil liability judgments from U.S. courts would be enforceable in the Cayman Islands. Conyers Dill & Pearman has further advised us that the courts of the Cayman Islands would recognize as a valid judgment, a final

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and conclusive judgment in personam obtained in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable (other than a sum of money payable in respect of multiple damages, taxes or other charges of a like nature or in respect of a fine or other penalty) or, in certain circumstances, an in personam judgment for non-monetary relief, and would give a judgment based thereon provided that (a) such courts had proper jurisdiction over the parties subject to such judgment; (b) such courts did not contravene the rules of natural justice of the Cayman Islands; (c) such judgment was not obtained by fraud; (d) the enforcement of the judgment would not be contrary to the public policy of the Cayman Islands; (e) no new admissible evidence relevant to the action is submitted prior to the rendering of the judgment by the courts of the Cayman Islands; and (f) there is due compliance with the correct procedures under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

Singapore

Drew & Napier LLC, our counsel as to Singapore law, has informed us that in Singapore, a foreign judgment for a sum of money may be enforced in one of several ways, depending on where the foreign judgment is obtained, but must at all times be subject to the rules of civil procedure in Singapore. A foreign monetary judgment obtained in a competent court in the United States, including judgments relating to a violation of U.S. federal securities law, may be recognized for the purposes of enforcement in the Singapore courts to recover a debt provided that (amongst others) (i) the foreign judgment is not inconsistent with a prior local judgment that is binding on the same parties; (ii) the recognition or enforcement of the foreign judgment would not contravene the public policy of Singapore; (iii) the proceedings in which the foreign judgment was obtained were not contrary to principles of natural justice; (iv) the foreign judgment was not obtained by fraud; or (v) the enforcement of the foreign judgment would not amount to the direct or indirect enforcement of a foreign penal, revenue or other public law. In determining whether a judgment given by that original court should be recognized for the purposes of enforcement in Singapore, the Singapore Courts shall not be bound by any decision of that original court relating to forum non conveniens (where there is some other forum with competent jurisdiction which is more appropriate for the trial) or lis alibi pendens (where proceedings are pending in another jurisdiction). As such, assuming that the U.S. court had jurisdiction to hear and determine the original case and there are no grounds on which to impeach the judgment, the enforcement action in the Singapore courts may be successful without having to re-litigate the merits of the case.

An investor may not be able to commence an original action against us or our directors or executive officers, or any person (“Original Action”), before the Singapore courts to enforce, either directly or indirectly, a U.S. judgment which concerns foreign criminal, venue or public laws. If the action requires the Singapore courts to decide on liabilities (in particular, criminal liabilities) under U.S. federal securities law, the Singapore courts are likely to decline jurisdiction to hear the action. Each claim or relief sought in the U.S. proceedings would have to be reviewed to determine if it is civil or criminal nature.

In addition, whether an Original Action may be commenced in a Singapore court depends on whether the Singapore court has jurisdiction. In this regard, Singapore Court may decline to assume jurisdiction or proceedings in a Singapore Court may be stayed or struck out on grounds of (i) forum non conveniens (where there is some other forum with competent jurisdiction which is more appropriate for the trial) or there are other exceptional circumstances for choosing another forum; (ii) lis alibi pendens (where proceedings are pending in another jurisdiction); or (iii) res judicata (where the merits of the issues in dispute have already been judicially determined or should have been raised in previous proceedings between the parties). The Singapore courts will consider, among other considerations, whether the parties have agreed by a jurisdictional clause to submit to the Singapore courts or whether there are sufficient connecting factors (including factors such as the proper law of the contract or the place in which the tort occurred) which point to Singapore being the most appropriate forum.

As such, Drew & Napier LLC has advised us that there is uncertainty as to whether Singapore courts will entertain Original Actions predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

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Vietnam

Bizlink Lawyers, our counsel as to Vietnam law, has advised us that in Vietnam, a court will consider recognizing and enforcing a judgment rendered by a foreign court (i) where such judgment has been made in, or by the court of, a country which is a party to a relevant international treaty of which Vietnam is a participant or a signatory, (ii) where such judgment is permitted to be recognized and enforced under Vietnam law, or (iii) on a reciprocal basis without the condition that Vietnam and the relevant country are signatories or participants of a relevant international treaty. A judgment rendered by a foreign court will not be recognized and enforced in Vietnam where among other things, the Vietnam court in which the recognition and enforcement are requested determines that the recognition and enforcement of such judgment in Vietnam are contrary to the fundamental principles of Vietnam laws. There is doubt as to the enforceability in Vietnam courts in actions for the recognition and enforcement of judgments of United States courts and of civil liabilities predicated upon the federal securities laws of the United States, primarily because there is no treaty or other arrangement or basis for reciprocal enforcement of judgments between Vietnam and the United States. In addition, under Vietnam laws on investment, any dispute to which one disputing party is a foreign investor or a company with foreign owned capital, and any dispute between foreign investors shall only be resolved by (a) a Vietnam court, (b) a Vietnam arbitration body, (c) a foreign arbitration body, (d) an international arbitration body, or (e) an arbitration tribunal established pursuant to the agreement of the disputing parties. Therefore, there is a possibility that parties to the disputes are not allowed to choose foreign courts as the dispute resolution forum.

Malaysia

Lee Hishammuddin Allen & Gledhill, our counsel as to Malaysian law, has advised us that there are currently no statutes, treaties, or other forms of reciprocity between the United States and Malaysia providing for the mutual recognition and enforcement of court judgments. Under Malaysian laws, a foreign judgment cannot be directly or summarily enforced in Malaysia. The judgment must first be recognized by a Malaysian court either under applicable Malaysian laws or in accordance with common law principles. For Malaysian courts to accept the jurisdiction for recognition of a foreign judgment, the foreign country where the judgment is made must be a reciprocating country expressly specified and listed in the Reciprocal Enforcement of Judgments Act 1958 (“REJA”), Maintenance Orders (Facilities for Enforcement) Act 1949 or Probate and Administration Act 1959. In practice, registration under the REJA is the most common manner in which foreign judgement are enforced in Malaysia. The requirements for a foreign judgment to be recognized and enforceable in Malaysia under REJA are: (i) the judgment must be a monetary judgment; (ii) the judgement must have had jurisdiction accepted by the Malaysian Court; (iii) the judgement was pronounced by a superior court from a reciprocating country under the First Schedule of REJA; (iv) the judgment was not obtained by fraud; (v) the enforcement of the judgment is not contrary to the public policy in Malaysia; and (vi) the judgment must be final and conclusive.

As the United States is not one of the reciprocating countries specified under the statutory regime where a foreign judgment can be recognized and enforced in Malaysia, a judgment obtained in the United States must be enforced under the common law by commencing fresh proceedings in a Malaysian court. The legal requirements for an action on a foreign judgement under common law closely resemble to those under the REJA, the Malaysian court has held that a non-REJA foreign judgment may be enforced in Malaysia by instituting a fresh action in the local courts, the court has also highlighted that the non-REJA foreign judgement must be admitted to the Malaysian Courts under the Evidence Act 1950 (“EA”) and non-compliance of the requirements contained in the EA in respect of the admission of foreign judgement has a substantive effect as it may result in the dismissal of the action for enforcement of the foreign judgement.

PRC

There is uncertainty as to whether the courts of China would recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against any executive officer or director of our company who resides in China predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States, entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against such officer predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States. One executive officer of our company, our financial director and board secretary Cong Qu currently resides in mainland China.

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The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under the PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of the PRC Civil Procedures Law and other applicable laws and regulations based either on treaties or similar arrangements between China and the jurisdiction where the judgment is made or on principles of reciprocity between jurisdictions, which may be limited as the date of this prospectus. In addition, according to the PRC Civil Procedures Law, courts in the PRC may not enforce a foreign judgment against such officer for the purpose of upholding certain basic principles of the PRC laws. As a result, it is uncertain as to the enforcement of a judgment rendered by a court in the United States or in the Cayman Islands.

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CORPORATE HISTORY AND STRUCTURE

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure, including our principal subsidiaries, as of the date of this prospectus:

The diagram above omits the names of subsidiaries that are insignificant individually and in the aggregate.

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PRICE RANGE OF OUR ORDINARY SHARES

Our ordinary shares have been trading on the HKEx under the stock code “9658” since December 30, 2022. The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the reported high and low closing sale prices and the average daily trading volumes of our ordinary shares on the HKEx. Share prices are presented in HK dollars and U.S. dollars.

	Price Per Ordinary Share				Price Per Ordinary Share				Average Daily Trading Volume (in shares)
	HK$				US$
	High		Low		High		Low
Annual (Fiscal Year Ended December 31):
2022		9.94		9.94		1.27		1.27		20,384,961
Quarterly:
First Quarter 2023		23.85		9.60		3.05		1.23		3,205,127
Second Quarter 2023		18.96		13.60		2.43		1.74		955,658
Third Quarter 2023		16.00		12.06		2.05		1.54		637,503
Fourth Quarter 2023		15.02		9.94		1.92		1.27		857,410
Most Recent Six Months:
November 2023		13.76		11.98		1.76		1.53		806,518
December 2023		12.78		9.94		1.64		1.27		1,265,772
January 2024		9.70		8.40		1.24		1.08		1,145,173
February 2024		10.52		8.37		1.35		1.07		614,847
March 2024		14.14		9.81		1.81		1.26		782,025
April 2024

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated statement of profit or loss data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, selected consolidated statement of balance sheet data as of December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023, and selected consolidated statement of cash flow data for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2021, 2022 and 2023 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, or IFRS Accounting Standards, issued by the International Accounting Standard Board, or IASB. Our historical results are not necessarily indicative of results expected for future periods. You should read this Selected Consolidated Financial Data section together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

The following table presents our selected consolidated statement of profit or loss data for the years indicated:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2022			2023
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Selected consolidated statement of profit or loss data:
Revenue		312,373	100.0%		558,225	100.0%		686,362	100.0%
Other income		19,458	6.2%		6,701	1.2%		6,695	1.0%
Raw materials and consumables used		(113,760)	(36.4)%		(196,646)	(35.2)%		(234,715)	(34.2)%
Staff costs		(143,343)	(45.9)%		(188,927)	(33.8)%		(226,033)	(32.9)%
Rentals and related expenses		(6,556)	(2.1)%		(13,006)	(2.3)%		(17,161)	(2.5)%
Utilities expenses		(11,017)	(3.5)%		(19,743)	(3.5)%		(26,054)	(3.8)%
Depreciation and amortization		(69,916)	(22.4)%		(72,952)	(13.1)%		(78,557)	(11.4)%
Traveling and communication expenses		(2,674)	(0.9)%		(4,776)	(0.9)%		(5,756)	(0.8)%
Listing expenses		—	—		(6,310)	(1.1)%		(1,745)	(0.3)%
Other expenses		(41,729)	(13.4)%		(55,510)	(9.9)%		(62,682)	(9.1)%
Other gains (losses) – net		(73,270)	(23.5)%		(26,793)	(4.8)%		1,177	0.2%
Finance costs		(19,158)	(6.1)%		(12,493)	(2.2)%		(8,424)	(1.2)%
(Loss) Profit before tax		(149,592)	(47.9)%		(32,230)	(5.8)%		33,107	4.8%
Income tax expense		(1,160)	(0.4)%		(9,033)	(1.6)%		(7,850)	(1.1)%
(Loss) Profit for the year		(150,752)	(48.3)%		(41,263)	(7.4)%		25,257	3.7%
Other comprehensive income (expense)
Exchange differences arising on translation of foreign operations		2,097	0.7%		8,385	1.5%		4,627	0.7%
Total comprehensive (expense) income for the year		(148,655)	(47.6)%		(32,878)	(5.9)%		29,884	4.4%
(Loss) Earnings per share – Basic and diluted (USD)		(0.27)			(0.07)			0.05

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The following table presents our selected consolidated statement of balance sheet data as of the dates indicated:

	As of December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
	(US$ in thousands)
Selected consolidated statement of balance sheet data:
Inventories		16,709		25,984		29,762
Trade and other receivables and prepayments		30,253		26,771		29,324
Amounts due from related parties		29,383		—		—
Bank balances and cash		89,546		93,878		152,908
Total current assets		206,732		153,396		218,962
Total assets		626,723		576,112		576,883
Trade payables		26,549		32,313		34,375
Other payables		24,128		31,663		34,887
Amounts due to related parties		500,562		776		842
Total current liabilities		596,144		117,230		128,571
Total liabilities		813,905		334,075		304,762
Net (liabilities) assets		(187,182)		242,037		272,121
Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity		(187,182)		242,037		272,121

The following table presents our selected consolidated statements of cash flow data for the years indicated:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
	(US$ in thousands)
Selected consolidated statements of cash flow data:
Net cash from operating activities		4,382		68,321		114,045
Net cash (used in) from investing activities		(87,464)		888		(11,775)
Net cash from (used in) financing activities		119,879		(65,869)		(43,787)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents		36,797		3,340		58,483
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year		51,564		89,546		93,878
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes		1,185		992		547
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year		89,546		93,878		152,908

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results and the timing of selected events may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.” Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards.

Overview

We are a leading Chinese cuisine restaurant brand in the international market, operating Haidilao hot pot restaurant in the international market. With roots in Sichuan from 1994, Haidilao has become one of the most popular and largest Chinese cuisine brands in the world. Since opening our first restaurant in Singapore in 2012, we have expanded to 115 self-operated restaurants in 12 countries across four continents as of December 31, 2023. According to the Frost & Sullivan Report, we were the third largest Chinese cuisine restaurant brand and the largest Chinese cuisine restaurant brand originating from China in the international market in terms of 2022 revenue.

Benefiting from our proven management philosophy and successful localization efforts, we have built an international Haidilao restaurant network with highly standardized operations, effective management systems, and motivated employees. We have achieved strong growth and margin expansion in the past two years.

•

Same-store sales growth. Alongside our continual restaurant network expansion, we have also achieved meaningful same-store sales growth of 54.0% and 8.8% in 2022 and 2023, respectively.

•

Table turnover rate. Our overall table turnover rate improved from 2.1 times per day in 2021 to 3.3 times per day in 2022, and further improved to 3.5 times per day in 2023.

•

Average daily revenue per restaurant. Our average daily revenue per restaurant increased from US$10.0 thousand in 2021 to US$15.4 thousand in 2022, and further increased to US$16.3 thousand in 2023.

•

Income from operation margin. Our income from operation margin improved from 0.2% in 2022 to 6.3% in 2023.

•

Restaurant level operating margin. Our restaurant level operating profit margin significantly improved from 4.1% in 2022 to 9.0% in 2023.

Our revenues increased by 78.7% from US$312.4 million in 2021 to US$558.2 million in 2022 and further increased by 23.0% to US$686.4 million in 2023. We recorded net loss of US$150.8 million and US$41.3 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. In 2023, we turned to net profit of US$25.3 million.

Key Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our business and operating results are affected by the general factors that impact our total addressable market, including, among others, overall economic growth globally, the acceptance of Chinese food internationally, the growth of the catering industry in general and the Chinese cuisine market in particular, raw material costs, regulatory, tax, and the competitive landscape of the Chinese cuisine restaurant market. Changes in any of these general factors could affect the demand for our services and our results of operations.

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More specifically, we believe our results of operations are more directly affected by the following factors:

Characteristics of International Market for Chinese Cuisine Restaurants

Our financial performance and future growth depend on the growing popularity of Chinese culture and increasing acceptance of Chinese food, as well as increasing innovation and adaptation of Chinese cuisine dishes tailored to local guests to drive the overall growth of the international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants. Despite a decrease in market size due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants began to recover in 2021 and is expected to grow from US$306.1 billion in 2022 to US$445.2 billion in 2027 at a CAGR of 7.8%. We expect our business performance to continue to be supported by the growing international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants.

In addition to the overall growth of the international market for Chinese cuisine restaurants, we have also benefited, and expect to continue to benefit from favorable market drivers, such as the growing Chinese population overseas, economic growth and market consolidation by leading restaurant brands, among others. For details, see “Industry Overview.” As one of the largest Chinese cuisine restaurant brands in the international market, we believe we are well positioned to capture these favorable market opportunities.

Expansion of Our Haidilao Restaurant Network

Our revenue and business growth depend on the scale and expansion of our Haidilao restaurant network, which in turn are affected by our restaurant openings and closings. We have been continuously opening new Haidilao restaurants while focusing on optimizing the performance of existing Haidilao restaurants. We opened 22 new restaurants in 2021, 17 in 2022, and five in 2023. Except for two restaurant closures in 2021 and one in 2023, which had an immaterial impact on our financial performance, we did not have any restaurant closures in the past three years. The following table sets forth the total number of our Haidilao restaurants and their movement during the years indicated.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
Number of restaurants at the beginning of the year		74		94		111
Number of new restaurants opened during the year		22		17		5
Number of restaurants closed during the year		2		—		1
Number of restaurants at the end of the year		94		111		115

The table below sets forth information on revenue from Haidilao restaurant operation for existing restaurants, restaurants newly opened and restaurants closed during the years indicated.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
	(US$ in thousands)
Revenue from existing restaurants(1)		256,813		500,035		641,415
Revenue from restaurants newly opened during the year		38,102		46,926		23,010
Revenue from restaurants closed during the year		1,593		—		3,755
		296,508		546,961		668,180
Net of:
Customer loyalty program(2)		449		1,349		7,018
Revenue generated from Haidilao restaurant operations		296,059		545,612		661,162
Delivery business		11,783		6,572		9,807
Others(3)		4,531		6,041		15,393
Total revenue		312,373		558,225		686,362

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Notes:

(1)

We define our existing restaurants as those that commenced operations prior to the beginning of the respective year and remained open at the end of the same year.

(2)

Members of our customer loyalty program can earn loyalty points based on spending at our restaurants. These loyalty points can be redeemed for future consumptions within two to five years after the loyalty points are earned within the country that they registered their account.

(3)

Others primarily include the revenue generated from sales of hot pot condiment products and food under Haidilao brand and secondary brands.

Pace of New Restaurants Opening

The timing of new restaurant openings and the proportion of new restaurants to existing restaurants have an impact on our revenue and profitability. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, we opened 22, 17 and five new restaurants, respectively.

•

Impact on revenue contribution. The number and pace of new restaurant openings may fluctuate from period to period, which may affect our revenue. As a result, the revenue contribution from new restaurants is fully reflected in the next financial year. In contrast, new restaurants generally have a lesser impact on overall revenue for the year of opening as they do not contribute to the full year revenue due to its ramp up period.

•

Impact on profitability. We have scaled up our business in the past four to five years to lay the groundwork for our future growth. Each new restaurant incurs pre-opening costs and capital expenditures, which varies by geographic region. Pre-opening costs, which mainly consist of staff salaries, consulting services fees, staff relocation expenses, rent and miscellaneous administrative expenses prior to the opening of a restaurant, are incurred before the restaurant begins to generate revenue. Generally, our pre-opening costs per restaurant in Asia typically ranged from US$170,000 to US$400,000 and our capital expenditure per restaurant in Asia typically ranged from US$1.4 million to US$3.0 million. In other countries, pre-opening costs per restaurant typically ranged from approximately US$500,000 to US$1,500,000 and capital expenditure per restaurant typically ranged from US$2.5 million to US$6.5 million, depending on the size of the restaurant and the country it is located in. Moreover, new restaurants need time to achieve breakeven and investment payback. The breakeven of new restaurants opened in 2021, 2022 and 2023 was generally within six months. Our business scale-up has contributed to losses in the short term. Going forward, we expect the ramp-up for these restaurants and the decrease in proportion of new restaurants to total restaurants number will positively impact our profitability.

Our business scale up has been cash-intensive and therefore also impacts our cash flow and working capital position. For details, see “— Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Operating Efficiency of Our Restaurants

Our ability to achieve and maintain profitability is dependent in part on our ability to control our costs and expenses through enhancing the efficiency of our restaurant operations. Historically, our costs and expenses primarily consist of cost of raw materials and consumables and staff costs. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, our raw materials and consumables used amounted to US$113.8 million, US$196.6 million and US$234.7 million, respectively, representing 36.4%, 35.2% and 34.2% of our revenue for the respective years. Food ingredient costs are a significant contributor to our cost of raw materials and consumables used, amounting to US$92.6 million, US$172.8 million and US$209.2 million in 2021, 2022 and 2023 and accounting for 81.4%, 87.8% and 89.1% of our raw materials and consumables used during the respective years.

The price and supply of food ingredients are subject to a number of factors that are beyond our control, including but not limited to rising market demand and inflation, as well as import restrictions and tariffs. For example, in 2021, prices of the major food ingredients we used have experienced increases, resulting in a slight increase in raw materials and consumables used as a percentage of revenue in 2021. We have adopted various measures to offset the impact of food price fluctuations, including establishing central

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kitchen in markets we have greater presence and adopting centralized procurement across different countries. In addition, we believe our broad selection of food ingredients and our pricing strategy also enable us to effectively control food ingredient costs. We currently do not enter into futures contracts or engage in other financial risk management strategies against potential price fluctuations in our supplies. Going forward, we will continue to manage our procurement prices by closely monitoring market price fluctuations.

In addition, the catering service industry is labor intensive by nature. In 2021, 2022 and 2023, our staff costs amounted to US$143.3 million, US$188.9 million and US$226.0 million, respectively, representing 45.9%, 33.8% and 32.9% of our revenue for the respective years. We have implemented a number of measures to optimize staff efficiency and restaurant operating efficiency. In addition, we regularly update the compensation structure in different countries by adjusting and refining the metrics and rates we use in our piece rate compensation system, where activities involved in guest services is measured by units. As such, our staff costs as a percentage of our revenue decreased from 45.9% in 2021 to 32.9% in 2023, also partially reflecting the economies of scale along with our increasing revenue. Going forward, we believe our staff costs will continue be one of our major cost items.

As a result of our efforts to control our costs and expenses through enhancing the efficiency in our restaurant operations, our income from operation margin improved from 0.2% in 2022 to 6.3% in 2023. Our restaurant level operating margin improved significantly from 4.1% in 2022 to 9.0% in 2023. We also recorded a net profit of US$25.3 million in 2023, as compared to net loss of US$41.3 million in 2022.

Seasonality

There are seasonal patterns for hot pot consumption. As such, our business and financial performance are subject to seasonal fluctuations, such as local holidays, school vacations, weather conditions and fluctuations in food prices, among others. As a result, our results of operations may fluctuate from year-to-year/period-to-period and comparison of different periods may not be meaningful.

Key Performance Indicators

In assessing the performance of our business, in addition to considering a variety of measures in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards, our management team also considers a variety of other key performance indicators. The key performance indicators used by our management for determining how our business is performing include average spending per guest, average table turnover rate, total guest visits, and average daily revenue per restaurant.

We believe that these indicators provide useful information in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management team. The presentation of key performance indicators is not intended to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for, or superior to, the financial information prepared and presented in accordance with IFRS Accounting Standards. The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the years presented:

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021		2022		2023
Average spending per guest(1) (US$)		30.3		25.2		24.8
Average table turnover rate(2) (times/day)		2.1		3.3		3.5
Total guest visits (million)		9.8		21.7		26.7
Average daily revenue per restaurant(3) (US$’000)		10.0		15.4		16.3

Notes:

(1)

Calculated by dividing gross revenue of Haidilao restaurant operations for the years by total guests served for the years.

(2)

Calculated by dividing the total number of tables served for the years by the product of total Haidilao restaurant operation days for the years and the average table count during the years.

(3)

Calculated by dividing the revenue of Haidilao restaurant operations for the years by the total Haidilao restaurant operation days of the years.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

For details, see “Business — Our Haidilao Business — Our Haidilao Restaurant Business — Restaurant Performance.”

Key Components of Results of Operations

The following table sets forth a summary of our consolidated results of operations for the years presented, both in absolute amount and as percentages of our net revenues. This information should be read together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The results of operations in any particular period are not necessarily indicative of our future trends.

	For the Year Ended December 31,
	2021			2022			2023
	(US$ in thousands, except for percentages)
Revenue		312,373	100.0%		558,225	100.0%		686,362	100.0%
Other income		19,458	6.2%		6,701	1.2%		6,695	1.0%
Raw materials and consumables used		(113,760)	(36.4)%		(196,646)	(35.2)%		(234,715)	(34.2)%
Staff costs		(143,343)	(45.9)%		(188,927)	(33.8)%		(226,033)	(32.9)%
Rentals and related expenses		(6,556)	(2.1)%		(13,006)	(2.3)%		(17,161)	(2.5)%
Utilities expenses		(11,017)	(3.5)%		(19,743)	(3.5)%		(26,054)	(3.8)%
Depreciation and amortization		(69,916)	(22.4)%		(72,952)	(13.1)%		(78,557)	(11.4)%
Traveling and communication expenses		(2,674)	(0.9)%		(4,776)	(0.9)%		(5,756)	(0.8)%
Listing expenses		—	—		(6,310)	(1.1)%		(1,745)	(0.3)%
Other expenses		(41,729)	(13.4)%		(55,510)	(9.9)%		(62,682)	(9.1)%
Other gains (losses) – net		(73,270)	(23.5)%		(26,793)	(4.8)%		1,177	0.2%
Finance costs		(19,158)	(6.1)%		(12,493)	(2.2)%		(8,424)	(1.2)%
(Loss) Profit before tax		(149,592)	(47.9)%		(32,230)	(5.8)%		33,107	4.8%
Income tax expense		(1,160)